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Fire

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Displaying 2626 - 2650 of 3902

Thermal Radiation From Large Pool Fires (NISTIR 6546)

November 1, 2000
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Howard R. Baum, Anthony P. Hamins
In order to protect people and combustible structures from the thermal radiation emitted by a large fire, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has established thermal radiation flux levels of 31.5 kW/m2 (10,000 Btu/h/ft2) for buildings and

User's Guide to the NIST Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory. Version 1.0

November 1, 2000
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Bullard, Chiara F. Ferraris, Edward J. Garboczi, Nicos Martys, Paul E. Stutzman
This NISTIR serves as the user's manual for Version 1.0 of the Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory (VCCTL). Using the VCCTL, a user may create starting microstructures of cement (gypsum, fly ash, etc.) particles in water, hydrate the

Exploring the Role of Polymer Melt Viscosity in Melt Flow and Flammability Behavior

October 15, 2000
Author(s)
Thomas J. Ohlemiller, John R. Shields, Kathryn M. Butler, Belinda L. Collins, Momar D. Seck
Thermoplastic polymers are widely used in roles where molding facilitates cost effective, high volume applications. Such polymers exhibit uniquely complex behavior in a fire because of their tendency to liquefy and flow. This behavior was explored in two

BLCC-NIST Building Life-Cycle Cost Program, Version 5.0

October 1, 2000
Author(s)
S Fuller, A Boyles, Bruce R. Miller
The BLCC5 Building Life-Cycle Cost Program provides economic analysis of projects for which both initial capital costs and future operational costs need to be considered. The program is useful for evaluating the long-term costs and savings of energy and

Field Demonstration of Laser Scanning for Excavation Measurement

October 1, 2000
Author(s)
Geraldine S. Cheok, Robert R. Lipman, Christoph J. Witzgall, Javier Bernal, William C. Stone
The use of a scanning laser to measure terrain changes due to excavation at a construction site is described. The objective at this phase of the project is to develop the tools necessary to measure terrain changes in real-time. This paper focuses on

Future of Fire Investigation

October 1, 2000
Author(s)
Daniel M. Madrzykowski
As the legal climate for arson and fire investigations becomes more demanding, their need for a rigorous scientific foundation is growing. Fortunately, federal research efforts are already starting to close the gap.

Role of Particles in the Inhibition of Premixed Flames by Iron Pentacarbonyl

October 1, 2000
Author(s)
M D. Rumminger, Gregory T. Linteris
Laser light scattering has been used to investigate particle formation in Fe(CO)5-inhibited premixed flames in order to understand the influence of metal and metal oxide condensation on flame inhibition. In premixed CH4-air flames, particles form early in

Tensile Strength of an Interlocking Composite Connection

October 1, 2000
Author(s)
Dat Duthinh
Twenty-four tests of an interlocking fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) connection show that, although the connection is much weaker than the theoretical strength of the panel under the same type of load (in-plane tension transverse to the main reinforcement

What's the Buzz? Use BEES to Design Greener, Lower-Cost Buildings

October 1, 2000
Author(s)
Barbara C. Lippiatt
The BEES (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) version 2.0 software implements a rational, systematic technique for selecting environmentally and economically balanced building products. The technique is based on consensus standards and

Automated Tracking of Structural Steel Members at the Construction Site

September 18, 2000
Author(s)
K M. Furlani, L E. Pfeffer
This paper presents further development and experimental testing of Comp-TRAK, a prototype system for identification and spatial tracking of structural steel components on a live construction site. Comp-TRAK is a web-based system for rapid tracking of

Marginally Flammable Materials: Burning Velocity of Trans-Dichloroethylene

September 10, 2000
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, Valeri I. Babushok
The overpressure dynamics and explosion hazard of commodity materials under full-scale conditions are often assessed through laboratory measurements of their laminar burning velocity. We present the first measurements of the flame speed of trans-1,2

Marginally Flammable Materials: Burning Velocity of Trans-Dichloroethylene.

September 10, 2000
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, Valeri I. Babushok
The overpressure dynamics and explosion hazard of commodity materials under full-scale conditions are often assessed through laboratory measurements of their laminar burning velocity. We present the first measurements of the flame speed of trans-1,2

Curing of High-Performance Concrete for Strength-What is Sufficient?

September 1, 2000
Author(s)
Nicholas J. Carino, K W. Meeks
This paper reports the results of an exploratory study on the effects of curing duration on the variation of mortar strength with distance from the drying surface. A novel, notched cylindrical test specimen was adopted for measuring tensile strength at

Refrigerant/Lubricant Mixture Boiling Heat Transfer Research at NIST

September 1, 2000
Author(s)
Mark A. Kedzierski
This paper overviews the boiling heat transfer research of the recent few years at NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) on refrigerant/lubricant mixtures. The aim of the research was to fundamentally understand the effects of lubricant

Repeatability of Energy Consumption Test Results for Compact Refrigerators

September 1, 2000
Author(s)
David A. Yashar
Recently, the United States Department of Energy (DOE) has been interested in examining the current procedure that is used to measure the energy consumption of compact refrigerators (ANSI/AHAM HRF-1). As part of the DOE's Appliance Standards Program, NIST

Analysis of CCRL Proficiency Cements 135 and 136 Using CEMHYD3D

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
Dale P. Bentz, X Feng, C Haecker, Paul E. Stutzman
This NISTIR provides experimental and computer modeling results for cements 135 and 136 issued by the Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory (CCRL) at NIST in January of 2000. The purposes of this report are to characterize the ability of the NIST

Characterization of Coating Microstructure Using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
Li Piin Sung, Maria E. Nadal, Paul E. Stutzman, M E. McKnight
The appearance of coating materials depends on the physical attributes of the object's interaction with light. These physical attributes include the light source, the angle of illumination, the viewing angle, and the optical reflectance properties of the

Characterization of Polyester Degradation Using Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy

August 1, 2000
Author(s)
Xiaohong Gu, D T. Raghavan, Tinh Nguyen, Mark R. VanLandingham
Tapping mode AFM was used to examine the microstructure of polyester films before and after exposure to an alkaline solution. Bright-colored microgel domains and dark-colored interstitial regions were observed in phase images of the unexposed samples. The
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