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Fire

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Displaying 2526 - 2550 of 3910

Modification of Existing Welded Steel Moment Frame Connections for Seismic Resistance

May 1, 2001
Author(s)
John L. Gross, M D. Engelhardt, Chia-Ming Uang, K Kasai, N Iwankiw
The Congressional emergency appropriation resulting from the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake provided the Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) an opportunity to expand its

Prediction of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Cell Temperatures

May 1, 2001
Author(s)
Mark W. Davis, Arthur H. Fanney, Brian P. Dougherty
A barrier to the widespread application of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is the lack of validated predictive performance tools. Architects and building owners need these tools in order to determine if the potential energy savings associated with

Registering 3D Point Clouds: An Experimental Evaluation

May 1, 2001
Author(s)
Christoph J. Witzgall, Geraldine Cheok
Four separate laser scans of a wooden box, taken from different vantage points, were examined in a laboratory setting. Visual and numerical registration methods, aimed at aligning the individual scan data with respect to a common frame, were explored. The

Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Carbon FRP

May 1, 2001
Author(s)
Dat Duthinh, M A. Starnes
Seven concrete beams reinforced internally with steel and externally with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) laminate applied after the concrete had cracked were tested under four-point bending. Results show that FRP is very effective for flexural

The Impact-Echo Method: An Overview

May 1, 2001
Author(s)
Nicholas J. Carino
The impact-echo method is a technique for flaw detection in concrete. It is based on monitoring the surface motion resulting from a short-duration mechanical impact. The method overcomes many of the barriers associated with flaw detection in concrete based

The Maturity Method: From Theory to Application

May 1, 2001
Author(s)
Nicholas J. Carino, Hai S. Lew
The maturity method is a technique to account for the combined effects of time and temperature on the strength development of concrete. The method provides a relatively simple approach for making reliable estimates of in-place strength during construction

Validation and Modification of the 4SIGHT Computer Program (NIST IR 6747)

May 1, 2001
Author(s)
Kenneth A. Snyder
The original version of the 4sight computer program was written to facilitate the performance assessment of buried concrete structures based deterministic calculations of service life, using data supplied by the user. In an effort to assure reliability in

Cost Analysis of Fire Suppression Systems

April 24, 2001
Author(s)
J M. Bennett, M L. Kolleck
All three services and their respective platforms have special problems in regard to fires. Each carries munitions, which can be initiated by a fire. In addition, each can also contain large quantities of fuel distributed in fuel tanks throughout, with

On the Suitability of CF3Br as a Benchmark replacement Fire Suppressants

April 24, 2001
Author(s)
B A. Williams, J W. Fleming
We investigate the rationale for the use of CF,Br as a reference standard for alternative fire suppresants. Stating efficiencies of alternative agents on a relative basis to that of CF,Br is well founded from an engineering standpoint, but less so from a

Premixed Flame Inhibition by Manganese and Tin Compounds

April 24, 2001
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, Vadim D. Knyazev, Valeri I. Babushok
Flame inhibition data exist for a few metallic compounds (Fe(CO)5, Pb(C2H5)4, CrO2Cl2) which show them to be one or two orders of magnitude more effective than halon 1301 at reducing the burning velocity of premixed methane-air flames. Little burning

TOWARDS SUBGRID SCALE MODELING OF SUPPRESSANT FLOW IN ENGINE NACELLE CLUTTER

April 24, 2001
Author(s)
P E. DesJardin, J M. Nelson, L A. Gritzo, David R. Keyser, T A. Ghee, J R. Tucker, P J. Disimile
The release and transport of a suppressant agent into an enclosed compartment is sensitive to local geometrical features or “clutter” that is difficult to resolve numerically without using an excessively large CFD grid. Such examples include wire bundles

Transient Application Recirculating Pool Fire, Agent Effectiveness Screen: Final Report

April 24, 2001
Author(s)
William L. Grosshandler, Anthony P. Hamins, Jiann C. Yang, Kevin B. McGrattan, Cary Presser
A three-year research effort has been conducted as part of the Next Generation Program (NGP) to develop a laboratory screening device suitable for predicting the behavior of halon alternatives in full-scale fire suppression experiments. Most of the work

Analysis of Samples Removed from a Damaged Pipeline

April 15, 2001
Author(s)
Paul E. Stutzman
A set of specimens adhered to a pipe, provided by National Safety Transportation Board (NTSB), were examined for microstructure evaluation. The section of a 40.6 cm diameter gasoline pipeline from which the specimens were obtained showed signs of

NIST Multizone Modeling Website

April 2, 2001
Author(s)
William S. Dols
This report presents an overview of the NIST Multizone Modeling Website developed by the Building and Fire Research Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Multizone modeling refers to the calculation of airflows, pressure

Acquiring, Analyzing, and Using Complete Three-Dimensional Aggregate Shape Information

April 1, 2001
Author(s)
Edward J. Garboczi, Nicos Martys, H A. Saleh, Richard A. Livingston
The shape of aggregates, from whatever source, plays a crucial role in determining the properties of the composite material in which they are embedded (e.g., asphaltic or portland cement concrete). To properly characterize this three-dimensional shape

Concrete Mixing Methods and Concrete Mixers: State of the Art

April 1, 2001
Author(s)
Chiara F. Ferraris
The performance of concrete is determined by its microstructure. Its microstructure, in turn, is determined by its composition, its curing conditions, and also by the mixing method used to process the concrete. This paper gives an overview of the various

Curing of High-Performance Concrete for Strength: Phase I Study

April 1, 2001
Author(s)
Nicholas J. Carino, K W. Meeks
This paper reports the results of an exploratory study on the effects of curing duration on the variation of mortar strength with distance from the drying surface. A novel, notched cylindrical test specimen was adopted for measuring tensile strength at
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