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Chemistry

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Displaying 576 - 600 of 1916

Common Spurious Signals Observed in Mass Spectrometers

June 22, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. Svoronos
The following table provides guidance in the recognition of spurious signals (m/z peaks) that will sometimes be observed in measured mass spectra, especially when the mass spectrometer is interfaced to a gas chromatograph [1]. Often, the occurrence of

Detection of outliers in measurements

June 22, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. Svoronos
The field of outlier detection and treatment is considerable, and a rigorous mathematical discussion is well beyond any treatment that is possible here. Moreover, the practice in the treatment of analytical results is usually simplified, since the number

Detectors for Gas Chromatography

June 22, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. Svoronos
The following table provides some comparative data for the selection and operation of the more common detectors applied to capillary and packed column gas chromatography [1-8]. For more detailed information regarding operation and interpretation of results

Eluotropic Values of Solvents on Octadecylsilane and Octylsilane

June 22, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. Svoronos
The following table provides, for comparative purposes, eluotropic values on bonded octadecyl silane (ODS) and octyl silane (OS) for common solvents.[1-3] For additional information on common, specific and chiral stationary phases for HPLC, and for

Indicators for Acids and Bases

June 22, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. Svoronos
The following table lists the most common indicators together with their pH range and colors in acidic and basic media. Since the color change is not instantaneous at the pKa value, a pH range is given where a combination of colors is present. This pH

Middle-Range Infrared Absorption Correlation Charts

June 22, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. Svoronos
The following charts provide characteristic middle range infrared absorptions obtained from particular functional groups on molecules [1,2]. These include a general mid-range correlation chart, a chart for aromatic absorptions, and a chart for carbonyl

Organic Analytical Reagents for the Determination of Inorganic Cations

June 22, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. Svoronos
The table entitled Organic Analytical Reagents for the Determination of Inorganic Substances, by G. Ackermann, L. Sommer, and D. Thorburn Burns, has been revamped and considerably expanded for this edition. The many recent advancements in this area have

Preparation of Special Analytical Reagents

June 22, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. Svoronos
This listing of analytical reagents has been updated to include formulations based on more recent experience, and also safety notes. In the absence of specific cautions, the user must observe sound laboratory practice and housekeeping to avoid exposure and

Properties of Common Cross-Linked Silicone Stationary Phases

June 22, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. Svoronos
Modern gas chromatography is most often performed with high efficiency capillary (open tubular) columns coated with a cross linked polymeric stationary phase. We provide chromatographic data on the two most common cross-linked phases [1]. The retention

Properties of Important NMR Nuclei

June 22, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. Svoronos
The following table lists the magnetic properties at higher field strengths required for choosing the nuclei to be used in NMR experiments [1-15]. The reader is referred to several excellent texts and the literature for guidelines in nucleus selection. For

Proton NMR Absorption of Major Chemical Families

June 22, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. Svoronos
The following table gives the region of the expected nuclear magnetic resonance absorptions of hydrocarbon families. These absorptions are reported in the dimensionless units of parts per million (ppm) versus the standard compound tetramethylsilane (TMS

Solid-Phase Microextraction Sorbents

June 22, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. Svoronos
While trapping sorbents have been used for many years in headspace analysis (most commonly with gas chromatography), the modern techniques of solid phase microanalysis (SPME) are particularly applicable to survey analyses [1]. In the following tables, we

Standards for Laboratory Weights

June 22, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. Svoronos
The following table provides a summary of the requirements for metric weights and mass standards commonly used in chemical analysis1-3. The actual specifications are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-41 on General Laboratory Apparatus and are the

Wavelength-Wavenumber Conversion Table

June 22, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. Svoronos
The following table provides a conversion between wavelength and wavenumber units, for use in infrared spectrophotometry [1]. Since spectra are presented in different formats, this table is an aid in interpretation.

How nanorough is rough enough?

June 21, 2012
Author(s)
Konrad Rykaczewski, William A. Osborn, Jeff Chinn, Marlon L. Walker, John H. Scott, Wanda Jones, Chonglei Hao, Shuhuai Yao, Zuankai Wang
Surfaces which evince superhydrophobic properties during water condensation have a potential to dramatically enhance energy efficiency in power generation and desalination systems. Although various such surfaces have been reported, their development has

Saturation molalities and standard molar enthalpies of solution of alpha-D-xylose(cr) in H2O(l); Standard molar enthalpies of solution of 1,4-beta-D-xylobiose(am), and 1,4-beta-D-xylotriose(am) in H2O(l)

May 14, 2012
Author(s)
Robert N. Goldberg, Brian E. Lang, Bruce Coxon, Stephen R. Decker
The saturation molality of alpha-D-xylose(cr) in water was measured by using HPLC and is m(sat) = (8.43 ± 0.42) mol∙kg-1 at the temperature T = 298.15 K. It was also established that the anhydrous form of alpha-D-xylose(cr) is the crystalline form that is

A Proteomics Performance Standard to Support Measurement Quality in Proteomics

April 21, 2012
Author(s)
Ashley B. Green, David M. Bunk, Paul A. Rudnick, Karen W. Phinney, Lisa E. Kilpatrick
The emergence of mass spectrometry-based proteomic platforms as a prominent technology utilized in biochemical and biomedical research has increased the need for high-quality MS measurements. To address this need, NIST Reference Material (RM) 8323 Yeast

Carbohydrate-Functionalized Surfactant Vesicles for Controlling Glycan Density

March 15, 2012
Author(s)
Monique A. Makos, Rebecca A. Zangmeister
We report on the development of a method for rapidly characterizing the glycan binding properties of lectins. Catanionic surfactant vesicles were prepared that spontaneously formed in water and remained stable at room temperature for months. By varying the

CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2010

March 1, 2012
Author(s)
Peter J. Mohr, Barry N. Taylor, David B. Newell
This paper give the 2010 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. The 2010 adjustment takes into

Fitting EXAFS data using molecular dynamics outputs and a histogram approach

February 29, 2012
Author(s)
Bruce Ravel, Stephen W. Price, Nicholas Zonias, Chris-Kriton Skylaris, Andrea Russell
It has been shown that for highly disordered systems, EXAFS underestimates coordination number and thus particle size when compared with the theoretical coordination number based on size determination from other experimental techniques1-4. Similarly, when
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