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Buildings & Construction

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Displaying 1026 - 1050 of 3873

Measurement Science Roadmap for Net-Zero Energy Buildings

March 18, 2010
Author(s)
Joan Pellegrino, Arthur H. Fanney, Andrew K. Persily, Piotr A. Domanski, William M. Healy, Steven T. Bushby
Buildings account for nearly a third of the world s energy use today, and this share is expected to rise along with population growth and levels of prosperity. In the United States, residential and commercial buildings consume about 40% of primary energy

Diffusion-controlled reference material for VOC emissions testing: proof of concept

March 3, 2010
Author(s)
Steve Cox, Zhe Liu, John Little, Cynthia H. Reed, Steven J. Nabinger, Andrew K. Persily
Because of concerns about indoor air quality, there is growing awareness of the need to reduce the rate at which indoor materials and products emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To meet consumer demand for low emitting products, manufacturers are

Measurement Challenges in Achieving Energy Monitoring Systems in Buildings

March 3, 2010
Author(s)
William M. Healy
The benefits of energy conserving approaches in buildings are often not apparent to building occupants because of the insufficient feedback provided regarding energy consumption. A review of the literature suggests that energy feedback devices can provide

Water based Polyurethane Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites

March 3, 2010
Author(s)
Coralie Bernard, Tinh Nguyen, Bastien T. Pellegrin, Mat Celina, Alexander J. Shapiro, Deborah Jacobs, Kar T. Tan, Sungjin Park, R. S. Ruoff, Joannie W. Chin
Graphene oxides are potentially a new class of nanomaterial to enhance multifunctional properties of polymers because of their remarkable thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and more importantly, low cost. The graphene oxides, produced by

Roles of Adhesive and Interfacial Properties on Humidity-induced Failure

February 21, 2010
Author(s)
Kar T. Tan, Christopher C. White, Donald L. Hunston, Kristen L. Steffens, Hatlee Timothy, Kristen Hamilton, Vogt D. Bryan
Adhesion loss due to moisture is a fundamental problem in a large diversity of industries ranging from microelectronics and automotive to aerospace. This study investigates the durability of model adhesive joints consisting of a homologous series of poly(n

Proceedings of the 2009 Workshop on Innovative Fire Protection

February 17, 2010
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, Francine K. Amon, Jason D. Averill, Nelson P. Bryner, David T. Butry, Rick D. Davis, Richard G. Gann, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Samuel L. Manzello, Randall J. McDermott, William E. Mell, Nathan D. Marsh
The Innovative Fire Protection Workshop was held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on June 4 and 5, 2009. The 70 participants represented a broad range of stakeholder perspectives, including various non-profit, academic, industry

Concrete nanoscience and nanotechnology: Definitions and applications

February 10, 2010
Author(s)
Edward Garboczi
There are many improvements needed in concrete, especially for use in renewal and expansion of the world's infrastructure, e.g. increased durability, decreased brittleness and increased tensile strength, and use of non-traditional materials like fly ash

Application Modes of Egress Simulation

February 1, 2010
Author(s)
Steve M. Gwynne, Erica D. Kuligowski
The evacuation process is influenced by historical events. These can reflect previous incidents, training, and the routine use of the structure. These need to be considered during the design process as they will influence occupant behavior. In addition

Effect of Heat Pump Commissioning Faults on Annual Energy Use

January 24, 2010
Author(s)
Piotr A. Domanski, Hugh Henderson, William V. Payne
The study sought to develop an understanding of the impact of commissioning common faults the energy consumption of an air-to-air heat pump installed in a single-family house. Through annual simulations of the house/heat pump system, the study found that

The Human Side of Mass Notification

January 8, 2010
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski
On February 19, 2009, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) held a Federal Workshop on Mass Notification Messages. Participants from 12 federal agencies attended to discuss issues surrounding warning the public, building occupants, and

High Throughput Techniques for Fire Retardant Materials Development

January 5, 2010
Author(s)
Rick D. Davis, Richard E. Lyon
None was required. Here is the last paragraph of the introduction. In this chapter are examples of how we used HT to accelerate knowledge about polymer materials. The first case study describes the development and application of HT tools and methods to

Hydrogen Release and Combustion Measurements in a Full Scale Garage

January 1, 2010
Author(s)
Matthew Blais, Alexandra Joyce
Under the auspices of contract SB134109SE0612, The NIST contracted with Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) to perform a testing program designed to support NIST efforts on characterizing the behavior of hydrogen when released into enclosed spaces (e.g

Effect of Diamond Nanolubricant on R134A Pool Boiling Heat Transfer

December 15, 2009
Author(s)
Mark A. Kedzierski
This paper quantifies the influence of diamond nanoparticles on the pool boiling performance of R134a/polyolester mixtures on a roughened, horizontal, flat surface. Nanofluids are liquids that contain dispersed nano-size particles. A lubricant based

Proceedings of the GSA 3D Imaging Workshop, February 28, 2011 (NIST TN 1699)

December 9, 2009
Author(s)
Geraldine S. Cheok, Marek Franaszek, Kamel S. Saidi
The General Services Administration (GSA) has been involved in 3D imaging since the early 2000s. Since 3D imaging was a relatively new technology at that time, GSA needed to develop and provide initial guidance to their project managers (PMs) on 3D imaging

Fire Safety Risks Associated with Leaks in Hydrogen Systems.

December 3, 2009
Author(s)
Jintao Zhang
Hydrogen presents several unusual fire hazards, including high leak propensity, ease of ignition, and invisible flames. This research concerns experiments, analysis, and computations to identify the hazards of leaks in hydrogen systems that could result in
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