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Bioscience

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Displaying 751 - 775 of 1221

RECIST vs. Volume Measurement in Medical CT Using Ellipsoids of Known Size

April 12, 2010
Author(s)
Zachary H. Levine, Bruce R. Borchardt, Nolan J. Brandenburg, Charles W. Clark, Balasubramanian Muralikrishnan, Craig M. Shakarji, Joseph J. Chen, Eliot L. Siegel
(a) Purpose: We wanted to test the extent to which two common methods of determining the sizes of tumors would perform when compared to a statistically significant number of well-characterized reference objects. The size of the objects was chosen to

Teeth: Among Nature's Most Durable Biocomposites

April 6, 2010
Author(s)
Brian R. Lawn, James J. Lee, H Chai
This paper addresses the durability of natural teeth from a materials perspective. Teeth are depicted as 'smart' biocomposites, highly resistant to cumulative deformation and fracture. Favorable morphological features of teeth at both macroscopic and

The mouse ortholog of NEIL3 is a functional DNA glycosylase in vitro and in vivo

March 16, 2010
Author(s)
Minin Liu, Viswanath Bandaru, Jeffrey Bond, Pawel Jaruga, Xiaobei Zhao, Plamen P. Christov, Cynthia Burrows, Carmelo J. Rizzo, Miral M. Dizdar, Susan Wallace
To protect cells from oxidative DNA damage and mutagenesis, organisms possess multiple glycosylases to recognize the damaged bases and to initiate the Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway. Recently, three DNA glycosylases were identified in mammals that are

Fluorinated Copolymer Nanoparticles for Multimodal Imaging Applications

February 18, 2010
Author(s)
Mark M. Bailey, Christine M. Mahoney, Elodie Dempah, Jeffrey M. Davis, Matthew Becker, Supang Khondee, Eric J. Munson, Cory J. Berkland
Nanomaterials have emerged as valuable tools in biomedical imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence, positron emission tomography (PET), and others. Some have been designed to serve as multimodal imaging agents, combining

The oxidative DNA glycosylases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibit different substrate specificities from their Escherichia coli counterparts

February 4, 2010
Author(s)
Yin Guo, Viswanath Bandaru, Pawel Jaruga, Xiaobei Zhao, Cynthia Burrows, Shigenori Iwai, Miral M. Dizdar, Jeffrey Bond, Susan Wallace
The DNA glycosylases function in the first step of the base excision repair process that is responsible for removing endogenous oxidative purine and pyrimidine damages from DNA. The DNA glycosylases that remove oxidized DNA bases fall into two general

Three steps towards metrological traceability for ballistics signature measurements

February 1, 2010
Author(s)
Jun-Feng Song, Theodore V. Vorburger, Robert M. Thompson, Thomas Brian Renegar, Xiaoyu Alan Zheng, Li Ma, James H. Yen, Martin Ols
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in collaboration with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) has developed the Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2460 bullets and 2461 casings. NIST and ATF are proposing to

Volumetric CT in Lung Cancer: An Example for the Qualification of Imaging as a Biomarker

January 9, 2010
Author(s)
Charles D. Fenimore, Andrew Buckler, P. David Mozeley, Lawrence H. Schwartz, Nicholas Petrick, Michael McNitt-Gray, Kevin O?Donnell, Wendy Hayes, Hyun Kim, Laurence Clarke, Daniel Sullivan
The Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance (QIBA) has been organized to establish a methodology whereby multiple stakeholders collaborate to test hypotheses about the technical feasibility and the medical value of imaging biomarkers. It has charged the

In-plane Homogeneity and Lipid Dynamics in tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes (tBLMs)

January 1, 2010
Author(s)
Siddharth Shenoy, Radu Moldovan, James Fitzpatrick, David J. Vanderah, Markus Deserno, Mathias Losche
Tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs) were prepared by the self-assembly of thiolated lipidic anchors on gold films sputtered on Si wafers, followed by phospholipid precipitation via rapid solvent exchange. They were characterized in their in-plane

Gradient Nanofiber Scaffold Libraries for Rapid Screening of Cell-Material Interactions

December 1, 2009
Author(s)
Carl G. Simon Jr., Murugan Ramalingam, Marian F. Young, Vinoy Thomas
Scaffolds play a key role in tissue engineering wherein they provide structural support for cells to adhere, grow and guide them to synthesize tissue. Scaffolds made of multiple biomaterials are typically required to mimic the three-dimensional (3D)

Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (CSTL) 2009 Annual Report

November 17, 2009
Author(s)
Willie E. May, Richard R. Cavanagh, Dianne L. Poster, Michael D. Amos
CSTL is entrusted with building, sustaining, and maximizing the chemical measurement system that is criticial to chemical technological innovation, economic competitiveness and new job growth for the benefit of the Nation.

A New 26plex Autosomal STR Assay to Aid Human Identity Testing*(dagger)

September 1, 2009
Author(s)
Carolyn R. Steffen, John M. Butler, Peter Vallone
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become the standard in forensic testing. Currently there are two commercial multiplex PCR amplification kits available that simultaneously amplify 16 short tandem repeat (STR) loci that include the 13 FBI

Substrate specificity and excision kinetics of natural polymorphic variants and phosphomimetic mutants of human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase

September 1, 2009
Author(s)
Viktoriya Sidorenko, Arthur P. Grollman, Pawel Jaruga, Miral M. Dizdar, Dmitry Zharhov
Human 8-oxoguanine-DNA-glycosylase (OGG1) efficiently removes mutagenic 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoGua) and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua) when paired with cytosine in damaged DNA. Excision of 8-oxoGua mispaired with adenine may lead to GT

Differences in PDMS Modification Affect Laminin Deposition and Smooth Muscle Cell Response

August 16, 2009
Author(s)
Joy P. Dunkers, Hae-Jeong Lee, Marvi Matos, Lisa Pakstis, Juan M. Taboas, Steven D. Hudson, Marcus T. Cicerone
When culturing cells on flexible surfaces, it is important to consider extracellular matrix treatments that will remain on the surface under mechanical strain. Here we investigate differences in laminin surfaces that were deposited on oxidized PDMS (plasma

Protein crystal engineering of YpAC-IV using a strategy of excess charge reduction

August 5, 2009
Author(s)
David T. Gallagher, N N. Smith, Sung Kim, Howard Robinson, Prasad T. Reddy
The class IV adenylyl cyclase from Yersinia pestis has been engineered to enable crystallization at neutral pH for mechanism studies. The wild-type enzyme crystallized only at pH below 5. Based on the unliganded wild-type structure 2FJT at 1.9 Angstrom

A mechanistically relevant cytotoxicity assay based on the detection of cellular GFP

August 1, 2009
Author(s)
Michael W. Halter, Jamie L. Almeida, Alessandro Tona, Kenneth D. Cole, Anne L. Plant, John T. Elliott
Cell-based assays for measuring ribosome inhibition by proteins such as the plant toxin ricin are important for characterizing decontamination strategies and developing detection technologies for field use. We report here an assay for ricin that provides a
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