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Bioscience

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Displaying 526 - 550 of 1250

Quantitative scheme for full-field polarization rotating fluorescence microscopy (PROM) using a liquid crystal variable retarder

May 14, 2015
Author(s)
John F. Lesoine, Ji Y. Lee, Hyeong G. Kang, Matthew L. Clarke, Robert C. Chang, Ralph Nossal, Jeeseong C. Hwang
We introduce real-time, full-field, polarization rotating fluorescence microscopy (PROM) to monitor the absorption dipole orientations of fluorescent molecules. A quarter-wave plate, in combination with a liquid crystal variable retarder (LCVR), provides a

New night vision goggle gain definition

May 12, 2015
Author(s)
Vyacheslav B. Podobedov, George P. Eppeldauer, Thomas C. Larason
A new definition is proposed for the calibration of Night Vision Goggle (NVG) gains. This definition is based on the measurement of radiometric input and output quantities of the NVG. While the old definition used the “equivalent fL” which is a non SI

Validated Open Source Nanofiber Diameter Measurement Tool

April 30, 2015
Author(s)
Nathan A. Hotaling, Kapil Bharti, Haydn Kriel, Carl G. Simon Jr.
Despite the growing use of nanofiber scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, there is not a validated, readily available (commercial or open source) solution for rapid, automated analysis of nanofiber diameter from scanning electron microscope (SEM)

The Art in Science of MicroTAS: the 2014 issue

April 14, 2015
Author(s)
Darwin R. Reyes-Hernandez
For the 7th year in a row the Art in Science award competition, sponsored by Lab on a Chip and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), took place at the 18th International Conference of Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life

Bioreactor Process Parameter Screening Utilizing a Plackett-Burman Design for a Model Monoclonal Antibody

March 11, 2015
Author(s)
John E. Schiel, Cyrus D. Agarabi, Scott C. Lute, Brittany K. Chavez, Michael T. Boyne, Kurt A. Brorson, Mansoor A. Kahn, Erik K. Read
Consistent high quality antibody yield is a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing. This endpoint is typically achieved in commercial settings through product and process engineering of bioreactor parameters during development. When the process is complex

Quantification of Cells with Specific Phenotypes I: Determination of CD4+ Cell Count per mL in Reconstituted Lyophilized Human PBMC Pre-labelled with Anti-CD4 FITC Antibody

March 10, 2015
Author(s)
Richard Stebbings, Lili Wang, Janet Sutherland, Martin Kammel, Adolfas Gaigalas, M. John, B. Roemer, M. Kuhne, R. J. Schneider, M. Braun, N. Leclere, D. Dikshit, Fatima Abbasi, Gerald Marti, P. Porcedda, M. Sassi, L. Revel, S. K. Kim, D. Marshall, L. Whitby, Jing Wang, V. Ost, M. Vonski, Joerg Neukammer
A surface-labelled lyophilised lymphocyte (sLL) preparation has been developed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) pre-labelled with a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. The sLL preparation is

Proceedings of SPIE

March 4, 2015
Author(s)
Maritoni A. Litorja, Aaron A. Urbas, Yuqin Zong
The fluorescent light detected by a clinical imager is assumed to be proportional to the amount of fluorescent substance present in the sample. Unfortunately, there are many factors that can add or subtract to the light signal directly attributable to the

An analytical framework for optimizing variant discovery from personal genomes

February 25, 2015
Author(s)
Justin M. Zook, Gareth Highnam, Jason Wang, Dean Kusler, Vinaya Vijayan, Nir Leibovich, David Mittelman
The standardization and performance testing of analysis tools is a prerequisite to widespread adoption of high-throughput sequencing, particularly in the clinic. However, performance testing is currently complicated by the paucity of standards and

Application of NMR-based Metabolomics for Environmental Assessment in the Great Lakes using Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) polymorpha)

February 21, 2015
Author(s)
Miki Watanabe, Katherine Meyer, Tyler Jackson, Tracey Johnston, Ed Johnson, Dan Bearden
Zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, in the Great Lakes is being monitored as a bio-indicator organism for environmental health effects by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Mussel Watch program. In order to monitor the environmental

Evaluation of Low-Contrast Detectability of Iterative Reconstruction across Multiple Institutions, CT Scanner Manufacturers, and Radiation Exposure Levels

February 19, 2015
Author(s)
Adele P. Peskin, Ganesh Saiprasad, James J. Filliben, Alden A. Dima
Purpose: To evaluate the impact of Iterative Reconstruction (IR) compared with Filtered Back Projection (FBP) using low-contrast objects in phantom images across vendors and exposure levels. Materials and Methods: Randomized repeat scans of the Gammex 464

Scaling of Testing Speed for Different Source-to-Detector Distances

February 13, 2015
Author(s)
Bruce R. Norman, Anne L. Sallaska, Leticia Pibida
Several American National Standard Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (ANSI/IEEE) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards were developed for radiation detection systems used for homeland security applications

Rapid DNA melting analyses using a microfabricated electrochemical platform

January 1, 2015
Author(s)
Zuliang Shen, Stephen Semancik, Herman O. Sintim
A new microscale platform is reported which is based on microfabrication methods that integrate thermal control and multi-electrode components to enable rapid temperature-dependent electrochemical measurements on small volume fluid samples. We demonstrate

Optical Properties of CdSe/ZnS Nanocrystals

December 31, 2014
Author(s)
Paul C. DeRose, Yu-Zhong Zhang, Adolfas Gaigalas
Measurements are presented of the absorbance, fluorescence emission, fluorescence quantum yield, and fluorescence lifetime of CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots (QDs). The study included three groups of nanocrystals whose surfaces were

Quantitative, label-free characterization of stem cell differentiation at the single-cell level by broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

December 31, 2014
Author(s)
Marcus T. Cicerone, Young J. Lee, Khaled A. Aamer, Prabhas V. Moghe, Sebastian L. Vega, Parth J. Patel
We use broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) microscopy to characterize lineage commitment of individual human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultured in adipogenic, osteogenic, and basal culture media. We treat hyperspectral images

NIST Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program Winter, Spring, and Fall 1992 Comparability Studies: Results for Round Robins XXIV, XXV, and XXVI Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Carotenoids in Human Serum and Round Robin 3 Ascorbic Acid in Human Serum

December 19, 2014
Author(s)
Jeanice M. Brown Thomas, Neal E. Craft, David L. Duewer, Kline Margaret, Sam A. Margolis, Willie E. May, Katherine E. Sharpless
The National Institute of Standards and Technology coordinates the Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program (MMQAP) for laboratories that measure fat- and water-soluble vitamins and carotenoids in human serum and plasma. This report describes

NIST Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program Winter, Spring, and Fall 1993 Comparability Studies: Results for Round Robins XXVII, XXVIII, and XXIX Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Carotenoids in Human Serum and Round Robin 4 Ascorbic Acid in Human Se

December 19, 2014
Author(s)
Jeanice M. Brown Thomas, David L. Duewer, Kline Margaret, Sam A. Margolis, Willie E. May, Katherine E. Sharpless
The National Institute of Standards and Technology coordinates the Micronutrients Measurement Quality Assurance Program (MMQAP) for laboratories that measure fat- and water-soluble vitamins and carotenoids in human serum and plasma. This report describes

Quantifying CD4 receptor protein in two human CD4+ lymphocyte preparations for quantitative flow cytometry

December 11, 2014
Author(s)
Meiyao M. Wang, Martin Misakian, Hua-Jun He, Peter Bajcsy, Jeffrey M. Davis, Kenneth D. Cole, Illarion Turko, Lili Wang, Fatima Abbasi
For quantitative flow cytometry, a biological cell reference material with a known biomarker expression level is needed to transform a linear arbitrary fluorescence intensity scale obtained with fluorescent microspheres to an antibody bound per cell (ABC)

Analysis of One-Minute Potentially Available Fluoride from Dentifrice

December 4, 2014
Author(s)
Clifton Carey, Erin Holahan
Previous reports found that some fluoride containing dentifrices do not release effective concentrations of fluoride during brushing. Failure to release fluoride can be due to dentifrice matrix components that interfere with the solubilization of the
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