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Bioscience

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Displaying 551 - 575 of 1242

Rbm24a and Rbm24b are required for normal somitogenesis

August 29, 2014
Author(s)
Samantha D. Maragh
We recently demonstrated that the gene encoding the RNA binding motif protein 24 (Rbm24)¬¬ is expressed during mouse cardiogenesis, and determined the developmental requirement for its zebrafish homologs Rbm24a and Rbm24b during cardiac development. We

Assuring Confidence in Measurements in Biomedical Research

August 28, 2014
Author(s)
Anne L. Plant, Laurie E. Locascio, Willie E. May, Patrick D. Gallagher
‘Irreproducibility’ is a symptom of a broad challenge in measurement that needs to be addressed. Establishing a robust measurement process that will lead to greater confidence in biomedical research results will require a concerted effort from experts.

Multiscale Correlative Measurements of Nanoparticles in Cells

August 26, 2014
Author(s)
Aric W. Sanders, Kavita M. Jeerage, Cindi Schwartz, Alexandra E. Curtin, Ann C. Chiaramonti Debay
Nanoparticles are emerging as invaluable tools in disease diagnosis, disease treatment and imaging contrast enhancement agents. The interactions of nanoparticles with host organisms are complex and affect biological systems over length scales that vary

The Measurement of the Local Acceleration of Gravity for the NIST4 Watt Balance

August 24, 2014
Author(s)
David B. Newell, Jacques Liard, Leon S. Chao, Yusi A. Cao, Frank C. Seifert, Darine El Haddad, Jon R. Pratt, Stephan Schlamminger
A new watt balance is being constructed at NIST in preparation for the redefinition of the International System of Units and the realization of mass through an exact value of the Planck constant. We describe the procedures used and give results for the

Dielectrofluidics for Electronic-Based Chemical and Particle Analysis

August 18, 2014
Author(s)
James C. Booth, Spencer T. Egan, Charles A. Little, A Padilla, Yu Y. Wang, Nathan D. Orloff
The interactions of electromagnetic fields with matter are described by means of the polarization and magnetization of the material under study. Analogous to the way that magnetofluidics seeks to exploit magnetic interactions for sensing and manipulating

Performance Benchmarking and Intensity Calibration of a Widefield Fluorescence Microscope Using Fluorescent Glass

August 11, 2014
Author(s)
Michael W. Halter, Elianna Bier, Paul C. DeRose, Gregory A. Cooksey, Steven J. Choquette, Anne L. Plant, John T. Elliott
Widefield fluorescence microscopy is a highly used tool for visually assessing biological samples and for quantifying cell responses. Despite its widespread use in high content analysis and other screening applications, few published methods exist for

Flow Cytometer Performance Characterization, Standardization and Calibration against CD4 on T Lymphocytes Enables Quantification of Biomarker Expressions for Immunological Applications

August 7, 2014
Author(s)
Heba Degheidy, Steven R. Bauer, Gerald Marti, Lili Wang
There is an urgent need for developing a procedure for biomarker standardization and quantification in clinical laboratories. Measuring the expression levels of cell antigens is critical for the diagnosis of many diseases, e.g. leukemia, lymphoma and

Membrane protein resistance of oligo(ethylene oxide) self-assembled monolayers

July 31, 2014
Author(s)
David J. Vanderah, Marlon L. Walker, David T. Gallagher, Ryan Vierling, Fay Crawshaw
Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to evaluate the resistance to protein adsorption (RPA) of self- assembled monolayers (SAMs) of HS(CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)6M and [HS(CH2)3CH]2O-(CH2CH2O)6M, where M = CH3 or H, on Au. The SAMs were exposed to fibrinogen, a

Polyelectrolyte Multilayers in Microfluidic Systems for Biological Applications

July 31, 2014
Author(s)
Saugandhika S. Minnikanti, Aveek Gangopadhyay, Darwin Reyes-Hernandez
The formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) for the first time two decades ago demonstrating the assembly on charged substrates in a very simple and efficient way have proven to be a reliable method to obtain structures tunable at the nanometer

High-Speed Coherent Raman Fingerprint Imaging of Biological Tissues

July 20, 2014
Author(s)
Charles H. Camp, Young J. Lee, John M. Heddleston, Christopher M. Hartshorn, Angela R. Hight Walker, Jeremy N. Rich, Justin D. Lathia, Marcus T. Cicerone
We have developed a coherent Raman imaging platform using broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) that provides an unprecedented combination of speed, sensitivity, and spectral breadth. The system utilizes a unique configuration of laser

Spectral Fluorescence Measurements

July 7, 2014
Author(s)
Paul C. DeRose, Joanne C. Zwinkels, James Leland
This chapter covers the topic of spectral fluorescence measurements. These fluorescence measurements offer significant advantages in terms of sensitivity and selectivity, finding wide use in a range of applications in analytical and color technologies. The

Viscosity Measurements of DNA Solutions with and without Condensing Agents

July 7, 2014
Author(s)
Arno D. Laesecke, Jessica L. Burger
Aqueous DNA solutions at three concentrations were studied as model sputum by viscosity measurements at ambient pressure. Initial measurements at 25 °C, 37.78 °C, and 50 °C indicated a viscosity increase toward 50 °C. This phenomenon was studied by

Significant disparity in base and sugar damage in DNA by neutron and electron irradiation

July 1, 2014
Author(s)
Pawel Jaruga, Jeffrey S. Nico, Lisa R. Karam, Olga Timofeeva, William Blakely, M Miral Dizdar, D Pang
In this study a comparison of the effects of high-LET neutrons with low-LET electrons on irradiation of aqueous DNA solutions was investigated to characterize for potential neutron signatures on DNA damage induction. Ionizing radiations generate numerous

State of the Art Raman Techniques for Biological Applications

July 1, 2014
Author(s)
Angela R. Hight Walker, Alasdair Rae, Rainer Stosch, Petr Klapetek, Debdulal Roy
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the elucidation of qualitative and quantitative information from biological systems and has huge potential in areas such as biotechnologies, drug discovery, agro-chemical research and clinical diagnostics. This

Standards in Biothermodynamics

May 15, 2014
Author(s)
Robert N. Goldberg
The field of biothermodynamics encompasses physical property measurements on biochemical and biological systems. This chapter reviews the status of standards documents that are pertinent to biothermodynamics as well as recommendations that have been made

Machine Learning Analysis for Identification of Cell Shape Metrics Associated with Stem Cell Differentiation in Nanofiber Scaffolds

April 19, 2014
Author(s)
Desu Chen, Sumona Sarkar, Stephen J. Florczyk, Subhadip Bodhak, Carl G. Simon Jr., Joy P. Dunkers, Julian Candia, Wolfgang Losert
Cell shape has been demonstrated to be closely related to cell function and may be an important predictor of cell fate. Many metrics are available to describe cell shape, however the relationship of these metrics to cell fate are not well understood

Measuring Organelle Shape in 3D in Stem Cells Cultured on Nanofiber Scaffolds

April 19, 2014
Author(s)
Carl G. Simon Jr., Peter Bajcsy, Wojtek J. Tutak, Jyotsnendu J. Giri
Previous work has demonstrated that culture of osteoprogenitor cells on nanofiber scaffolds can potentiate osteogenic differentiation [1-4]. Culture of cells in nanofiber scaffolds causes changes to cell morphology, suggesting that morphological changes

Structural Basis for Inactivation of Giardia lamblia Carbamate Kinase by Disulfiram

April 11, 2014
Author(s)
Andrey Galkin, Liudmila Kulakova, Kap Lim, Catherine Chen, Wei Zhang, Illarion Turko, Osnat Herzberg
Carbamate kinase from Giardia lamblia is an essential enzyme for the survival of the organism. The enzyme catalyzes the final step in the arginine dihydrolase pathway converting ADP and carbamoyl phosphate to ATP and carbamate. We previously reported that

AN EXAMINATION OF METAL DEPOSITION DERIVED FROM AEROSPACE-RELATED ACTIVITY IN SEVERAL ENVIRONMENTAL MATRICES COLLECTED FROM WATERS SURROUNDING THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER (KSC), FLORIDA

April 8, 2014
Author(s)
John Bowden, Theresa M. Cantu, Douglas M. Scheidt, Russell H. Lowers, Brian A. Nocito, Vaneica Y. Young, Louis J. Guillette
Metal deposition originating from anthropogenic activity was examined in a two-tier study using environmental samples collected from several locations at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and surrounding Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR) with

Measuring Stem Cell Dimensionality in Tissue Scaffolds

April 1, 2014
Author(s)
Carl G. Simon Jr., Sapun Parekh, Christopher K. Tison, Girish Kumar, Tanya M. Farooque, Charles H. Camp
Many 3D scaffold systems have evolved for tissue engineering, drug screening and in vitro tissue models. However, it is not clear which scaffolds provide a 3D cell niche and there is no clear way to measure cell niche dimensionality. Advances in 3D niche
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