OSAC Lexicon

A screening test that indicates the possible presence of a material of interest. A positive presumptive test result does not constitute the identification of that material. A negative presumptive test indicates that the material of interest was not detected; it is not confirmation of its absence. Presumptive tests are sensitive but not specific and can lead to false positive results.

A screening test which may be positive in the presence of a biological material of interest. Some presumptive tests are sensitive but not specific. A positive result indicates that further testing could be informative.

Action to eliminate the cause of a potential non-conformity or other potential undesirable situation. NOTE A preventive action is taken to prevent occurrence whereas a corrective action is taken to prevent recurrence.

The innate impulse of a canine to grasp prey. This drive can be delineated as 'instinctive' prey drive (prey consists of natural targets like birds, rodents, etc.) and 'imprinted' prey drive (prey consists of learned targets such as toys, balls, sticks, etc.). A canine's overall prey drive is a ratio of instinctive and imprinted prey drives.

An enclosure used for long-term housing of the adult canine or puppy.

The initial examiner conducting the forensic examination, recording their source conclusions, and authoring a report of their findings.

An impression on a document(s) or other substrate(s) beneath the originating document caused by the act of writing or other dynamic actions.

The delivery of a naturally occurring stimulus that requires no previous experience or learning to be reinforcing. It satisfies some biological need (i.e., food, water, air, social interaction).

A cartridge case containing only a primer, without propellant or projectile.

A short polynucleotide chain, usually 18-30 bases long, which targets a specific region of the template DNA and allows a DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis of a complementary strand; two primers are required for amplification of a particular section of DNA. The primers are complementary to opposite strands and are designed to bracket the region of interest for amplification. Polymerization is initiated at the 3' end of the primer and extends in a 5 to 3 manner.

A short polynucleotide chain, usually 1830 bases long, which targets a specific region of the template DNA and allows a DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis of a complementary strand; two primers are required for amplification of a particular section of double-stranded DNA. The primers are complementary to opposite strands and are designed to bracket the region of interest for amplification. Polymerization is initiated at the 3' end of the primer and extends in a 5 to 3 manner.

A short polynucleotide chain, usually 18 - 30 bases long, which targets a specific region of the template DNA and allows a DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis of a complementary strand; two primers are required for amplification of a particular section of double-stranded DNA. The primers are complementary to opposite strands and are designed to bracket the region of interest for amplification. Polymerization is initiated at the 3’ end of the primer and extends in a 5´ to 3´ manner.

Short polynucleotide sequences which target a specific region of template DNA and allow a DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis of a complementary strand.

Print data includes writings, drawings, graphs, charts, photographs, images, and other material in paper or print form, including ESI that has been reproduced on paper or print media.

Portions of impression designating certain non-numeric designations located to the right of the first numeric segment.

Data collected when the subject was in a different, previous state/condition than thecurrent state of the subject. Examples are antemortem data, when postmortem dataexists or facial images of a missing person that are compared to those of the personbeing interviewed.

Autopsy requested and authorized by next of kin.

The use of biological modeling (i.e., statistical modeling informed by biological data), statistical theory, computer algorithms, and/or probability distributions to infer genotypes and/or calculate likelihood ratios

Software, or software and hardware, which utilizes a probabilistic genotyping approach to infer genotypes and/or calculate likelihood ratios

A quantified measure between zero and one indicating how probable or likely it is that an event will or has occurred. In the frequentist interpretation, probability is based on the rates at which events occur. In the Bayesian interpretation, probability reflects a degree of belief. On this scale, zero indicates impossibility and one indicates absolute certainty.

Probable cause exists when the facts and circumstances known to the officer would warrant a prudent person to believe a crime had been committed and the accused had committed it or that the evidence will be found in the place to be searched.

Possessing the potential to provide information that may be valuable to an investigation.

Specified way to carry out an activity or a process. 1) Procedures can be documented or not. 2) When a procedure is documented, the term written procedure or documented procedure is frequently used. The document that contains a procedure can be called a procedure document.

An established practice to be followed in performing a specified task.

set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputsNOTE Adapted from ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.4.1.

Set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs

A control to test a analytical process such as hydrolysis or oxidation of an analyte

Ordinate values that have been processed (e.g., trimmed, filtered, and/or interpolation applied).

Person, authorized by the certification provider, who administers or supervises a certification test, but does not evaluate the competency of the candidate.

result of a processNOTE 1 Four generic product categories are noted in ISO 9000:2005:- services (e.g. transport) (see definition in 3.4);- software (e.g. computer program, dictionary); - hardware (e.g. engine, mechanical part);- processed materials (e.g. lubricant).Many products comprise elements belonging to different generic product categories. Whether the product is then calledservice, software, hardware or processed material depends on the dominant element.NOTE 2 Products include results of natural processes, such as growth of plants and formation of other naturalresources.NOTE 3 Adapted from ISO/IEC 17000:2004, definition 3.3.

Results of a process

A change of behavior of the canine followed by a positive indication that can be confirmed by the canine handler.