OSAC Lexicon

Samples of known origin collected for purposes of comparison to samples of unknown origin.

Samples of known origin collected for purposes of comparison to samples of unknown origin.

A DNA sequence used as a reference to describe variants that are present in a sequence being analyzed.

Measurement standard that is used to calibrate or verify (working reference standard) measuring instruments or measuring systems.

A detailed investigation and analysis of a specific population to relate chronologic age to dental development and maturation.

A lack of response on the part of the canine, or a declination to accept instruction or direction.

Medicolegal death investigator who has completed the requirements for Registry certification by the American Board of Medicolegal Death Investigators or equivalent.

Checking to confirm that changes or new functionality does not unacceptably alter or terminate a desired functionality that behaved correctly before the change was implemented.

This refers to any consequence, positive or negative, of a response that increases the probability of that response. (See immediacy of consequences.)

The rule denoting the number of responses, the interval of time, and/or the duration of the response that will be reinforced.

A return to flaming combustion after apparent but incomplete extinguishment.

The abundance of an ion produced in relation to the abundance of the base peak.

A particular version of a configuration item that is made available for a specific purpose, for example, a test release.

Any product that prevents substrate material from adhering to the cast.

set of items (or sources of items) which in the examiner’s judgement best reflects a proposition and the circumstances of the case

Note 1 to entry: See ISO 21043-4:2025, Annex C for examples of relevant population.

the pool of potential sources as defined by the circumstances under consideration.  

The extent to which an experiment, test or measuring procedure yields the same results on repeated trials. Low probability of alerting to anything other than a target odor/scent and a high probability of alerting to a target odor/scent. Evidence that establishes a fair probability that a target odor/scent is present. The extent to which a measurement is repeatable and consistent and free from random errors. (See consistency.)

Checking beyond the functional aspects to measure the reliability of the software in the laboratory environment. This includes testing the impact on software performance when utilized by multiuser or multi-site scenarios and verifying network, server, and other applicable resources can handle the application's needs.

Credibility and trustworthiness of proffered evidence.

Consistency of results as demonstrated by reproducibility or repeatability.

Results that are repeatable when applied as designed.

contrast between a particle or crystal and its media due to the difference between their refractive indices. The greater the numerical difference in refractive indices, the greater the relief.

Training to work the canine at a distance from the canine handler. A training situation in which an attempt is made to remove the human element from the picture.

Extent of agreement between more than one result determined in the same place, by the same person, on the same equipment, in the same way, at similar times.

Also referenced in ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, ASTM E177-14 Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods.

Measurement precision under a set of conditions that includes the same measurement procedure, same operators, same measuring system, same operating conditions, same location, and replicate measurements on the same or similar objects over a short period of time

Experiments performed to verify the results of the assay by the same personnel and/or applicable instrumentation.

In disaster applications, three or more barks directed at the same victim that may be interspersed with digging, scratching, or any other attempt to access the victim. The canine may reposition itself while indicating at target location.

See "Reproducibility"

independent analysis of at least two samples taken from the same original item 
 

Communication of outcomes of the forensic process. 

EXAMPLE: Observations, findings, interpretations, conclusions and/or opinions.

range of concentrations that can be reliably measured by an analytical procedure that will be reported per the Program’s specifications

Extent of agreement between repeated results determined under any combination of different conditions.

Also referenced in ANSI/ASB Technical Report 025, Crime Scene/Death Investigation - Dogs and Sensors - Terms and Definitions, ASTM E1732 Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science, ASTM E177-14 Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods.

Measurement precision under a set of conditions that includes different locations, operators, measuring system, and replicate measurements on the same or similar objects

Experiments performed to assess the capability to obtain the same test results when an experiment is repeated between different operators and/or detection instruments.

Fundamental knowledge one must have in order to perform a specific task.

The essential skills one must have in order to perform a specific task.

Odor/scent that originated from any substance/subject that may or may not be physically recoverable or detectable by other means. The odor/scent that originated from a target substance/subject and lingers after the target substance/subject has been removed or has totally decomposed (as in the case of human remains).