OSAC Lexicon

a hair disorder causing hairs to appear ringed or banded due to the alternating light and dark bands in the hair shaft. The dark bands are a manifestation of abnormal air spaces in the cortex.

See ignition temperature.

A small area of surviving original surface within an angled projectile impact that is located at the initial contact point. 

NOTE The pinch is useful in establishing the entrance side of the projectile impact.

Small defects in the surface of the photoreceptor that produce spots or voids on the printout. (ASTM F1457)

Personal Identity Verification.

Small single-colored square display elements that comprise a bitmap.

A grainy or blurry effect caused by displaying a bitmap or a section of a bitmap at such a large size that individual pixels are visible.

The measure of resolution in a digital image or video display.

A fingerprint image resulting from the touching of one or more fingers to a livescanplaten or paper fingerprint card without any rolling motion.

Small discs randomly distributed within the fibers or on the surface of security paper during the paper manufacturing process.

A method in which the image and non-image areas of the printing plate are on the same plane.

The friction ridge skin on the feet (soles and toes).

Any of a wide range of natural or synthetic organic materials of high molecular weight that can be formed by pressure, heat, extrusion, and other methods into desired shapes.

A permanent distortion of bone’s shape without fracture caused by a force exceeding an element’s elastic limit/elastic modulus/yield point.

A flat or rounded surface with a variety of functions in printing or manufacturing. It can be a flat metal (or earlier, wooden) plate pressed against a medium (such as paper) to cause an impression in letterpress printing. May also refer to a typewriter roller, the glass surface of a copier, or an EDD vacuum bed.

The column of hot gases, flames, and smoke rising above a fire; also called convection column, thermal updraft, or thermal column.

Portable Network Graphics.

The physical location within the area of origin where a heat source, a fuel, and an oxidizing agent first interact, resulting in a fire or explosion.

An open area search method in which the canine team moves in a straight line from one designated location (point) to another.

Viewing a sample on a compound microscope that has been fitted with special filters that orient the light rays, providing analytical information about the sample.

A process whereby a document(s) or fragments of a document are sealed between two sheets of polyester film to preserve, stabilize, and facilitate handling.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of nucleic acids on preexisting nucleic acid templates.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of nucleic acids on preexisting nucleic acid templates.

An enzymatic process by which a specific region of DNA is replicated during repetitive cycles that consist of the following: denaturation of the template; annealing of primers to complementary sequences at an empirically determined temperature; and extension of the bound primers by a DNA polymerase. The goal of the PCR process is to generate many copies (termed products or amplicons) of a specific region of DNA for further analysis.

An enzymatic process by which a specific region of DNA is replicated during repetitive cycles that consist of the following: denaturation of the template; annealing of primers to complementary sequences at an empirically determined temperature; and extension of the bound primers by a DNA polymerase. The goal of the PCR process is to generate many copies (termed products or amplicons) of a specific region of DNA for further analysis.

An enzymatic process by which a specific region of DNA is replicated during repetitive cycles that consist of the following: denaturation of the template; annealing of primers to complementary sequences at an empirically determined temperature; and extension of the bound primers by a DNA polymerase. The goal of the PCR process is to generate many copies (termed products or amplicons) of a specific region of DNA for further analysis.

The analytical process by which targeted segments of DNA are replicated during repetitive cycles of heating to denaturation, and cooling to anneal primer oligonucleotides and extend DNA sequences to enhance detection of DNA fragments.

An enzymatic process by which a specific region of DNA is replicated during repetitive cycles that consist of the following: denaturation of the template; annealing of primers to complementary sequences at an empirically determined temperature; and extension of the bound primers by a DNA polymerase. The goal of the PCR process is to generate many copies (termed products or amplicons) of a specific region of DNA for further analysis.

An enzymatic process by which a specific region of DNA is replicated during repetitive cycles that consist of the following: denaturation of the template; annealing of primers to complementary sequences at an empirically determined temperature; and extension of the bound primers by a DNA polymerase. The goal of the PCR process is to generate many copies (termed products or amplicons) of a specific region of DNA for further analysis.

The occurrence in a population of two or more alleles or physical traits at a genetic locus. This variation within a population permits the differentiation of individuals via DNA testing or physical traits.

crystallization into two or more chemically identical but crystallographically distinct forms.

The occurrence in a population of two or more alleles or physical traits at a genetic locus. This variation within a population permits the differentiation of individuals via DNA testing or physical traits.