OSAC Lexicon

An article or substance that is prohibited by law or regulation within a specific area.

material of known composition that is analyzed along with unknown sample(s) in order to evaluate the performance of an analytical procedure

Material of established origin used to evaluate the performance of a test or comparison. Or A test performed to demonstrate that a test method works correctly and to ensure that data are valid. Positive controls confirm that the procedure will produce the expected result. Negative controls confirm that the procedure does not produce an unintended result.

Also referenced in ANSI/ASB 017 Standard Practices for Measurement Traceability in Forensic Toxicology, 
ANSI/Academy Standards Board (ASB), Crime Scene/Death Investigation - Dogs and Sensors - Terms and Definitions, ANSI/ASB 056 Standard for Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty in Forensic Toxicology ANSI/ASB 046 Wildlife Forensics Validation Standards—STR Analysis.

A presumed non-coding portion of the mitochondrial DNA molecule analyzed through DNA sequencing, which may be used to determine an individual's mitochondrial haplotype or for taxonomic discrimination. The control region often contains hypervariable regions (in humans: HV1 and HV2) that differ in sequence among non-maternally related individuals. The control region encompasses the D-loop region in humans and other species.

A presumed non-coding portion of the mitochondrial DNA molecule analyzed through DNA sequencing, which may be used to determine an individual's mitochondrial haplotype or for taxonomic discrimination. The control region often contains hypervariable regions (in humans: HV1 and HV2) that differ in sequence among non-maternally related individuals. The control region encompasses the D-loop region in humans and other species.

Experiments performed to establish the necessary controls for each procedure, the frequency with which the controls should be performed (e.g., concurrently, daily, before use, etc.) and the performance expectations for each control.

An experiment/training/testing exercise in which any defined variable(s) is consistent within specific parameters.

Samples of known types, run in parallel with experimental, reference, or evidence samples that are used to demonstrate that a procedure is working correctly. Controls include negative samples (no template DNA) and positive samples.

Samples of known types, run in parallel with experimental, reference, or evidence samples that are used to demonstrate that a procedure is working correctly.

Samples of known type, run in parallel with experimental, reference, or evidence samples that are used to demonstrate that a procedure is working correctly.

Heat transfer by circulation within a medium such as a gas or a liquid.

A group of processes that utilize printing plates and fall into four categories including planographic, relief, intaglio, and screen printing methods.

A manual of writing instruction that provides models to be copied by the student.

Irregularity or abnormality of the cornea, the clear outermost layer of the eye.

Device used to place a uniform electrical charge on the surface of a xerographic photoreceptor. (ASTM F1457)

An elected or appointed official responsible for overseeing medicolegal death investigations, usually for a single county, and for certifying the cause and manner of death in these investigations; duties vary based on local enabling statutes.

A ribbon that produces an image that is designed to allow for the removal of the image from the substrate by means of liftoff correction media.

The application of an aversive stimulus intended to prompt the canine to cease undesired behavior using verbal reprimand, choke collar (slip)/check chain, prong collar, remote trainer, etc.

Ribbons, tapes, and sheets designed to be struck by the typeface to coverup or liftoff typed text. (SWGDOC E04)

Action to eliminate or mitigate the cause of a non-conformity and to prevent recurrence. NOTE A corrective action is taken to prevent recurrence whereas a preventive action is taken to prevent occurrence.

A training course of action to remediate performance deficiencies with a canine team.

A correlation is an association between two variables, when the variables are related. Correlation does not imply cause.

An interpretation that observed similarities between compared items (e.g., questioned impressions and known footwear or tires) are in agreement.

Observation of pattern type, ridge flow, and friction ridge features in sequence, of the same or similar type, in the same relative position to each other, with associated intervening ridge counts. An accumulation of similarities between two impressions resulting in overall conformity.

(see 2.35 undetermined)

An enclosed or partially enclosed space inside a letterform or symbol, e.g., "O", "p", "e" and "g" or forms such as "G" and "c".

A document that purports to be genuine but is not, because it has been falsely made or manufactured in its entirety. [18 USC 513 (c) (1)] NOTE A counterfeit document is an attempt to create an exact copy of a document that exists (e.g., trying to recreate the US passport including all security features). A fabricated document is completely fictitious (e.g., creating a passport from a country that is fictitious). A forged document alters or changes a genuine document (e.g., altering the photo, name, or date on an existing passport).

analysis of specimens from subjects involved in probation and parole, drug courts, or child protective services to determine the presence (or absence) of chemical substances and their effects on the average individual

Obliteration of text or images by means of an opaque material.

(See overprint correction.) (SWGDOC E11)

Condition in which ink that has been absorbed into a substrate causes the coating to shrink to a state much smaller than the original coating dimension causing fractures in the image area. (SWGDOC E06-13)

The tendency of a material to move or deform permanently to relieve stresses.

A point at which mental or physical duress causes survival and trainability to come into conflict.

Chemicals or other materials used in testing whose performance is vital to the success of the test as determined by empirical studies or routine practice.

Chemicals or other materials used in testing whose performance is vital to the success of the test as determined by empirical studies or routine practice.