OSAC Lexicon

An expression of dissatisfaction by any person or organization to an organization relating to its product or service, or the complaints-handling process itself, where a response or resolution is explicitly or implicitly expected. Complaints can be written, electronic, or oral, and may originate internally or externally.

expression of dissatisfaction by any person or organization to a laboratory (3.6), relating to the activitiesor results of that laboratory, where a response is expected[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17000:2004, 6.5, modified The words other than appeal have been deleted, andthe words a conformity assessment body or accreditation body, relating to the activities of that bodyhave been replaced by a laboratory, relating to the activities or results of that laboratory.]

expression of dissatisfaction, other than appeal, by any person or organization to an inspection body, relatingto the activities of that body, where a response is expectedNOTE Adapted from ISO/IEC 17000:2004, definition 6.5.

Expression of dissatisfaction, other than appeal, by any person or organization to an inspection body, relating to the activities of that body, where a response is expected

Sophisticated computer programming that contains multiple interconnected modules or components. Complex software systems have components whose interactions evolve. The set of possible states of the system can be infinite, unbounded, and most importantly, changing.

A combination of speed, skill, style, and construction that contributes to handwriting being difficult to simulate. (NIST HF)

A characteristic of a comparison in which the attributes of one or both impressions may require additional consideration and quality assurance measures relating to the evaluation of a source conclusion.

A characteristic of a comparison in which the attributes of one or both impressions may require additional consideration and quality assurance measures relating to the evaluation of a source conclusion.

A characteristic of a comparison in which the attributes of one or both impressions may require additional consideration and quality assurance measures relating to the evaluation of a source conclusion.

A characteristic of a comparison in which the attributes of one or both impressions may require additional consideration and quality assurance measures relating to the evaluation of a source conclusion. Usually it refers to the quality, clarity, and completeness of at least one of the impressions in the comparison set, affecting the difficulty of the comparison. 

NOTE Refer to ANSI/ASB BPR 166 for more detailed explanation, particularly of attributes.

A characteristic of an impression whose attributes may require additional consideration and quality assurance measures.

A characteristic of an impression whose attributes may require additional consideration and quality assurance measures.

A characteristic of an impression whose attributes may require additional consideration and quality assurance measures.

A characteristic of an impression whose attributes may require additional consideration and quality assurance measures.

A characteristic of an impression whose attributes may require additional consideration and quality assurance measures. Usually it refers to the quality, clarity, and completeness of the impression being analyzed, having the potential to affect the difficulty of a subsequent comparison.

NOTE Refer to ANSI/ASB BPR 165 for more detailed explanation, particularly of attributes.

The canine's focus on the area of search (further specification will be discipline specific).

The amount of a constituent expressed as a mass or volume divided by the total amount of material expressed as a mass or volume.

A judgement or decision reached by reasoning based on the examination and evaluation of all observations, findings, and available task relevant information. 

NOTE Conclusions expressed by forensic document examiners are expert opinions based on the characteristics, features, or information under observation and interpreted using the training, knowledge, skills, abilities, and experience of a specific forensic document examiner.

See source conclusion.

Opinion stated by an examiner after interpretation of observed data. The opinion is the professional judgment that the observed data can offer support for one proposition over another. A conclusion is distinct from a “proposition.”

A conclusion in which an examiner is assessing the type or classification of a single item (e.g., whether a document was produced by a particular printing process, typed by the same typewriter).

A reasoned deduction based on the results or a comparison. Conclusionary statements may have multiple elements: interpretive, comparative, and/or statistical statements.

Opinion stated by an examiner after interpretation of observed data. The opinion is the personal judgement that the observed data can offer support for one proposition over another. A conclusion is distinct from a “proposition.”

Opinion stated by an examiner after interpretation of observed data. The opinion is the personal judgment that the observed data can offer support for one proposition over another. A conclusion is distinct from a “proposition.”

Opinion stated by an examiner after interpretation of observed data. The opinion is the personal judgement that the observed data can offer support for one proposition over another. A conclusion is distinct from a “proposition.”

Conclusions in which an examiner is assessing at least two opposing propositions: whether or not two (or more) items came from the same source (e.g., whether unknown and known items came from the same source), or whether or not one (or more) item(s) came from a specific source (e.g., whether a typewritten document was produced by a specific typewriter).

Analyzed at or close to the same time under the same analytical conditions (e.g., same instrument and instrumental parameters).

Analyzed at or close to the same time under the same analytical conditions (i.e., same instrument and instrumental parameters).

analyzed at or close to the same time under the same analytical conditions (i.e., same instrument and instrumental parameters)

As a result of classical conditioning, an event that is initially neutral will acquire aversive properties because it is paired with other aversive events.

Fear in response to a previously neutral stimulus caused by aversive conditioning and/or event.

A previously neutral stimulus that has become reinforcing because of its association with a primary reinforcer. A stimulus that becomes a reinforcer because it is paired with another reinforcer, usually a primary reinforcer. If conditioned reinforcers are not maintained by periodically pairing them with primary reinforcers, they will lose their reinforcing value.

In classical or Pavlovian conditioning, a conditioned response (CR) is produced by pairing a conditioned stimulus (CS) with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS). (See 3.74 classical conditioning.)

In classical or Pavlovian conditioning a previously neutral stimulus (NS) becomes the conditioned stimulus (CS) and evokes the conditioned response (CR) after it is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS). (See classical conditioning.)

(1) A general term that explains how animals learn the connection between stimuli, events, and actions. (2) Physical conditioning is a process by which an animal develops cardiovascular and respiratory stamina.

Heat transfer to another body or within a body by direct contact.

(1) A conditioned level of ability to operate independently in different environments as developed with training. (2) The innate ability of each canine to operate independently in different environments.

A test that is specific for the presence of a body fluid, stain, or residue of interest, and reduces or eliminates false positive results.

An alert for which the presence of a trained odor/scent can be verified or corroborated. Also referred to as a 'hit', 'find' and/or 'positive response'.

Verification of search results following a deployment of a canine team(s).