OSAC Lexicon

An electronic signature that includes an authentication scheme, such as through the use of public key encryption cryptography.

The data produced from the capturing of the physical properties of the movement of a handwritten signature in the act, also known as Electronically Captured Signatures, Electronic Handwritten Signature, Biometric Signature. NOTE While a digitally captured signature is one kind of an electronic signature, it is not synonymous with digital signature, electronic signature, or eSignature.

Obtain the values of a function for regularly or irregularly spaced distinct values fromits domain. From: ISO 2382-2-1976, Information technology Vocabulary Part2:Arithmetic and logic operations

Two sheets of paper, one on top of the other, with no intervening sheets. (SWGDOC E02)

The questioning of a witness by the party that has called that witness to give evidence, in order to support the case that is being made.

Substrate coated with a heat sensitive formulation for the purpose of creating an image when heat is applied from a thermal printhead. (ASTM F1623).

The route in which a subject laid a trail as indicated by the canine.

A modification in the progress of the written line; such changes can occur as gradual curves, abrupt angles, or curves and retracings.

The control a canine handler has over the canine during a search whereby the canine handler directs the canine into productive search areas by utilizing hand or voice cues.

A skip in a handwritten line that may occur after an abrupt change in the direction of the stroke.

The property of a trajectory or projectile impact that describes which way a projectile was moving.

A dissimilarity, or an accumulation of dissimilarities, that is deemed to be outside of expected variations in the appearance of impressions from the same source, resulting in overall nonconformity.

A decision that dissimilarity, is deemed to be sufficiently outside of expected variations in the appearance of impressions from the same source that it results in overall nonconformity. Not to be confused with “dissimilarity.”

A dissimilarity, or an accumulation of dissimilarities, that is deemed to be outside of expected variations in the appearance of impressions from the same source resulting in overall nonconformity.

A record of the deployment and/or utilization of a trained canine team, maintained separately from other records, i.e., training, assessments or certifications. A record documenting the deployment and/or utilization of the canine team, especially an account of an act or occurrence kept in writing or some other permanent form, i.e., electronic format, which is discoverable. (See record, deployment record or utilization record.)

Documentation that pertains to an investigation that can be requested and must be produced by the prosecution or the defense for trial purposes. For example, notes, records, certifications, photographs or digital media.

The exchange of materials by the parties in relation to a legal proceeding.

The degree to which information in an impression can be used to distinguish it from impressions made by different sources. The discriminability of an impression is a combination of the quantity, spatial arrangement, clarity, and rarity of features observed.

The ability to recognize differences between two or more stimuli. Operational usage: The ability to recognize differences between two or more odors/scents.

A stimulus that signals when a particular response produces specific consequences. For example, sitting in the presence of a particular odor/scent leads to a reward. The odor/scent in this case is the discriminative stimulus.

Deliberately altered in an attempt to hide normal writing habits. NOTE This is a type of distorted writing and determining the intent between the two remains with the trier of fact. (Modular Method)

An observation that two impressions have a general difference of appearance when comparing an individual feature or detail. Not to be confused with “disagreement.”

An observation that two impressions have a general difference of appearance when comparing an individual feature or detail. Not to be confused with “disagreement.”

An observation that two impressions have a general difference of appearance when comparing an individual feature or detail. Not to be confused with “disagreement.”

A feature or characteristic in one item or group of items that is not in the same form in a comparable item or group of items.

The segment of a finger or thumb farthest from the palm.

The process of determining how far away the muzzle of a firearm was from a target at the time a shot was fired, based on one or more methods such as gunshot residue, and pellet patterning or buffer patterning.

A highly contagious viral disease of canids, including domestic canines, that is caused by a paramyxovirus genus Morbillivirus) and is marked by fever, leukopenia, and respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms, especially in young canines. In older canines symptomology may be less severe, but neurological impairment is always common.

Feature(s) on a footwear or tire, including manufacturing variables/defects and characteristics of use, that may be used to differentiate the item from others of the same class.

Writing that does not appear to be, but may be natural. This appearance can be due to either voluntary factors (for example, disguise, simulation) or involuntary factors (for example, physical condition of the writer, writing conditions). (NIST HF, SWGDOC E01)

The tendency to be easily diverted from task.

Meaningful or meaning less blank-target sources that prevent concentration or diverts attention.

Non-target stimuli placed within a search area. These can include: humans, toys, food, animal odor, etc.