OSAC Lexicon

Non-target stimuli placed within a search area. These can include: humans, toys, food, animal odors or other blank-target odors/scents.

Educational methods that use models of distant or remote education such as video, the internet, networked multimedia, and independent or proctored study models. This does not replace in- person training, but is used to complement that training.

A change in the normal odor/scent picture of the area.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid. This is a chemical that forms a double helix that is unique to allbut identical siblings.

The process of identification and evaluation of biological evidence in criminal matters using DNA technologies, including DNA isolation and purification methods, data interpretation, statistical analysis, report writing, and courtroom testimony

Activities (e.g., swabbing relevant equipment and surfaces) to evaluate the background levels of DNA in the laboratory to assess the risk of contamination.

DNA isolation and purification

A process by which the DNA concentration in a sample is determined.

The relative order of base pairs, whether in a fragment of DNA, a gene, a chromosome, or an entire genome.

A laboratory technique used to determine the sequence of bases (A, C, G, and T) in a DNA molecule.

An employee who is accountable for the technical operations of the laboratory and who is authorized to stop or suspend laboratory operations.1

The genetic constitution of an individual at one or more defined locations (also known as loci) in the DNA. A DNA type derived from nuclear DNA typically consists of one or two alleles at several loci (for example, short tandem repeat loci).

Abbreviation for deoxynucleotide tri-phosphates; used in PCR as building blocks to construct new DNA strands.

Any material containing marks, symbols, or signs visible, partially visible, or invisible (to the naked eye) that may ultimately convey meaning or a message.

Any material containing marks, symbols, or signs visible, partially visible, or invisible (to the naked eye) that may ultimately convey meaning or a message. (Kelly, Lindblom) NOTE This definition of a document is broad; it extends to electronic documents, including e-mail and other electronic communications, word processed documents and databases. In addition to documents that are readily accessible from computer systems and other electronic devices and media, the definition covers those documents that are stored on servers and back-up systems and electronic documents that have been 'deleted'; it also extends to additional information stored and associated with electronic documents known as metadata. (Practice Direction 31A - Disclosure and Inspection UK)

A professional who specializes in the conservation of paper documents and books.

system used to ensure traceability and to establish, identify, approve, issue, maintain, distribute, use, amend, revise, store, protect, secure, retrieve, retain and dispose of documents

The trained person who works the canine. (See canine handler.)

This term has two uses in this standard: Implementation domain refers to the group of organizations or agenciesthat have agreed to use a specified set of user-defined fields in a particularformat. This is the domain encoded in Field 1.013: Domain name /DOM. NIEM biometrics domain refers to an XML namespace that conforms withthe NIEM naming rules. It deals with biometric data. See Annex C:NIEM-conformant encoding rules for details.

A method of character generation in which each character is formed by a pattern of dots selected from a grid or matrix.

Scientific usage: This condition occurs when neither the experimenter/canine handler, nor the observer/evaluator, knows which treatments/manipulations are given to which subjects. Operational usage: In the evaluation of a canine neither the assessor nor the canine handler knows the location of the target odor/scent or whether target odor/scent is present (i.e., a blank/null search).

The part of a letter that is made when the writing instrument is moving from the top to the bottom of a letter.

A stroke resulting from incomplete lifting of the pen, usually faint in ink coverage. Also, a very thin
or light stroke of a writing instrument in areas where its movement is not normally recorded.

The propensity of a canine to exhibit instinctual behaviors when faced with particular stimuli. Drives are triggered by these particular stimuli (e.g., food or retrieve) and expressed in a typical and predictable way that is associated with the particular stimulus. Drives can be enhanced or diminished through experience (e.g., training, environment, etc.), but they cannot be created or eliminated. Traditionally defined in the working canine literature as an exaggerated, instinctual response to certain stimuli and situations. Drive is most narrowly and clearly defined as a willingness, vigor, or enthusiasm to engage in certain behavior, contexts, or situations. (See food drive, rank drive, retrieve drive, and survival drive)

The spread of fire by the dropping or falling of burning materials. Synonymous with 'fall down.'

Ink jet technology where drops are generated as needed to create an image. (SWGDOC E06)

Ordinate values within a dataset that did not receive enough signal during the measurement for aheight measurement to be acquired. These are often represented as NaN, zero, blank, or theminimum measured value.

When an individual is victimized while mentally or physically incapacitated due to the effects of ethanol and/or other drugs.

when an individual is victimized while mentally or physically incapacitated due to the effects of ethanol and/or other drugs

Bone that no longer retains its visco-elastic properties (it could still be associated with tissue, but that tissue would likely be mummified).

To release the firing pin on an unloaded chamber of a firearm.

Plastic lettering on specially prepared paper which can be transferred to a substrate by the application of pressure.

A non-inked mechanical device which embosses a design on paper. (SWGDOC E08)

Material in a dry developer system which when deposited on a substrate by the field of an electrostatic charge pattern, becomes the visible record. (SWGDOC E05)

Mixture of dry toner and iron oxide developer that is used for developing electrostatic images in copiers. (SWGDOC E05)

A canine trained in two disciplines. For example, a canine trained for narcotics and criminal apprehension.

The direction, sequencing, and speed with which the strokes making up a character are executed.

A cartridge that does not contain primer, propellant, or explosive charge and therefore cannot be fired