OSAC Lexicon

The deliberately recorded images or impressions from the friction ridge skin of an individual. 

NOTE Examples may include, but are not limited to, inked tenprints, inked palm prints, Livescan prints, powder and lift prints, casted/moulded prints, or photographs of friction ridge skin.

The deliberate recorded images or impressions from the friction ridge skin of an individual.

Samples of handwriting, printed text, paper, ink, etc., known (or purported) to have been produced by a particular individual, machine, or manufacturer.

Samples of handwriting, printed text, paper, ink, etc., known (or purported) to have been produced by a particular individual, machine, or manufacturer.

Circumstances that would cause a reasonable person to believe that relevant prompt action was necessary to prevent physical harm to persons or animals, the destruction of relevant evidence or some other consequence improperly frustrating legitimate law enforcement efforts.

Quantity defining an interval about a result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a large fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand. DISCUSSION(1) The fraction may be regarded as the coverage probability or level of confidence of the interval. (2) To associate a specific level of confidence with the interval defined by the expanded uncertainty requires explicit or implicit assumptions regarding the probability distribution characterized by the measurement result and its combined standard uncertainty. The level of confidence that may be attributed to this interval can be known only to the extent to which such assumptions can be justified. (3) An expanded uncertainty U is calculated from a combined standard uncertainty uc and coverage factor k using: U =k X uc.

The number of distinct alignments expected by chance; the default sorting metric in BLAST search results.

Anyone testing any idea has a strong expectation that leads to an influence about the outcome.

A person displaying special skill and knowledge in a given area derived from training, education, or experience.

A software program or set of software programs that interprets the data generated from a DNA analysis instrument platform in accordance with laboratory defined quality assurance rules and accurately identifies the data that does and does not satisfy such rules.

The testimony made by a qualified person about a scientific, technical, or professional issue. An expert is often called upon to testify due to his/her familiarity with the subject or special training in the field.

ending of the validity of the statement of conformity after a specified period

possible cause for observations, generated in an investigative interpretation
 

A material with a pressure ratio (maximum pressure/pressure at ignition, in absolute units) equal to or greater than 2.0 in any test when tested using the explosibility or Go/No-Go screening test described in Section 13 of ASTM E1226, Standard Test Method for Explosibility of Dust Clouds. [68, 2018]

The sudden conversion of potential energy (chemical or mechanical) into kinetic energy with the production and release of gases under pressure, or the release of gas under pressure. These high-pressure gases then do mechanical work such as moving, changing, or shattering nearby materials.

Study of how chemistry, physics, fire science, engineering disciplines of fluid and solid mechanics, and heat transfer interact to influence explosion behavior.

Study of how chemistry, physics, fire science, engineering disciplines of fluid and solid mechanics, and heat transfer interact to influence explosion behavior.

Any chemical compound, mixture, or device that functions by explosion.

Any material that can act as fuel for an explosion.

The side of a structural assembly or object that is directly exposed to the fire.

The parameter, associated with the assessment method used, that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand.

Studies the projectile’s movement between the muzzle and the target(s).

Writing conditions such as underlying writing surface, substrate, writing implement, writing position, interruptions during the writing activity etc. that affect the handwriting movement or the resulting writing. (NIST HF)

Physical assessment of the decedent by a medicolegal death investigator.

Diagnostic medical procedure conducted by a pathologist or other specially trained medical personnel that consists of physical inspection of the decedent without internal examination; can include ancillary tests.

condition when an anisotropic substance ap- pears dark when observed between crossed polarizers and occurs when the vibration directions of the specimen are parallel to the vibration directions of the polarizer and analyzer.

A procedure where the reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued with the intention to reduce the occurrence of that behavior

a type of extinction in which the vibration directions are inclined at an angle relative to a crystal face.

a type of extinction in which the vibration directions are parallel to the crystal faces.

a type of extinction in which the vibration directions bisect a prominent interfacial angle of the crystal.

To cause to cease burning.

Total cellular DNA isolated from a biological sample to include nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.

Often found in cursive writing, a small oval or loop formation.

An inked ribbon wherein the substrate is a woven cloth material, such as nylon, cotton, or silk.