OSAC Lexicon

physical environment used to protect the item integrity, to conduct testing or to support any other aspect of the forensic process 
EXAMPLE:  Building, designated area, tent, (mobile) office, (mobile) laboratory, vehicle.

A positive control (see 3.7) or negative control (see 3.6) that produces an unexpected result.

Distortion, breakage, deterioration, or other fault in an item, component, system, assembly, or structure that results in unsatisfactory performance of the function for which it was designed.

A logical, systematic examination of an item, component, assembly, or structure and its place and function within a system, conducted in order to identify and analyze the probability, causes, and consequences of potential and real failures.

A logical, systematic examination of an item, component, assembly, or structure and its place and function within a system, conducted in order to identify and analyze the probability, causes, and consequences of potential and real failures.

See drop down.

An indication/trained final response demonstrated by the canine in the absence of the target odor/scent; a situation in which the canine exhibits the trained final response in the absence of the odor/scent on which he/she was trained to find.

A depression or void that is intentionally created in a search environment by the assessor/ evaluator/handler that does not contain and has not contained the odor of human remains. This is a distractor depression or void.

Any location, person, or item incorrectly identified by the canine handler. (See false alert)

Operational usage: A response indicating that something is not true or not present when it is true or present. Scientific usage: Type II error.

A response indicating that something is true or present when it is not true or absent. Scientific usage: Type I error.

Within this document the false positive rate is defined as the number (or percentage) of Known Non-Matches which are incorrectly determined to be an Identification.

In a controlled environment, the canine responds as if a trained substance was present when it is known that it is not. (See false positive.)

A search of a forensic profile in a DNA database to identify potential biological relatives.

The level of taxonomic classification that generally defines groups of genera.

A class of type designs sharing basic qualities of style and artistic expression that differentiate it from other similar designs. (SWGDOC E04)

Acronym for Fingerprint Acquisition12 Profile. It is a series of sets of progressivelymore stringent parameters and requirements relevant to fingerprint acquisition.[2015a>] In the Mobile ID Best Practices Recommendations Version 1, face, finger andiris application profiles were all referred to as SAP. They are referred to separately inthis standard. This was changed in Mobile ID Best Practices RecommendationsVersion 2 to be consistent with this standard. [

A European Union-funded project designed to develop an operational commonality ofidentification data between INTERPOL member countries in the event of a disaster.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation of the United States Department of Justice.

The FD-249 is an Arrest and Institution Fingerprint card (white card with red ink) usedfor criminal submissions to the FBI and certain other law enforcement organizations.See http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/forms/description-fd249

The FD-258 is the Applicant Fingerprint Card (white card with blue ink) used forsubmission to the FBI and certain other law enforcement organizations as part of abackground check. See http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/forms/description-fd258

A behavioral response involving the autonomic nervous system (e.g., fight or flight) in the presence of real or imagined danger involving avoidance and, or withdrawal under circumstances where the canine is distressed.

The condition in which the writing/printing fluid spreads laterally in a pattern that usually follows the direction of the surface fibers away from the written or printed line.

The limited disassembly of a firearm, generally without the use of tools, and usually into its subassemblies.

Testing the operating condition of a firearm without ammunition.

The subconscious impulse of a canine to merely measure physical prowess with an opponent.

A behavior that a canine has been trained to exhibit in the presence of a target odor/scent source. This behavior may be either passive (sit, stare, down, point, etc.) or active (bite, bark, scratch, jump, etc.). Also known as a trained final response. (See alert, indication.)

An obligation, security, or other document representative of value made or issued by or under the authority of a governmental or private organization.

Information concluded as a result of an examination. (ISO 21043-1:2018)

An image or impression of the friction ridges of all or any part of a finger or thumb.

The time in minutes, determined under specific laboratory conditions, at which the stud or joist in contact with the exposed protective membrane in a protected combustible assembly reaches an average temperature rise of 121C (250F) or an individual temperature rise of 163C (325F) as measured behind the protective membrane nearest the fire on the plane of the wood.

A rapid oxidation process, which is an exothermic chemical reaction, resulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities.

The process of determining the origin, cause, development, responsibility, and, when required, a failure analysis of a fire or explosion.