OSAC Lexicon
The OSAC Lexicon is a compendium of forensic science terms and definitions. This terminology tool was created to help bring consistency and understanding to the way terms are used by the various forensic science. Use of the OSAC Lexicon does not replace the need to reference the original published source.
The terms and definitions in the OSAC Lexicon come from the published literature, including documentary standards and technical reports. It is continually updated with the latest work from OSAC units, as well as terms from newly published documentary standards and standards elevated to the OSAC Registry.
Gradually terms are evaluated and harmonized by the OSAC to a single term. This process results in an OSAC Preferred Term. An OSAC Preferred Term is a term, along with its definition, that has undergone review and evaluation by the FSSB Terminology Task Group and has been approved by the FSSB. The FSSB recommends that subcommittees use OSAC Preferred Terms when drafting standards.
The OSAC Lexicon should be the primary resource for terminology and used when drafting and editing forensic science standards and other OSAC work products.
veterinary postmortem examination
A diagnostic procedure consisting of the dissection of a deceased animal by a veterinarian for the purpose of determining the cause of death. Synonyms include necropsy and autopsy.
Video Analysis
Video Enhancement
Video Spectral Comparison (Vsc)
The analysis of links, primarily in fraudulent documents.
Video Stabilization
Virtual Bins
Alleles that are not present in the allelic ladder, but have been previously reported or discovered during developmental validation of a particular chemistry. (GeneMapper a ID-X Software and Bin Overlap User Bulletinb,)
visible radiation
Any optical radiation capable of causing a visual sensation directly.
NOTE There are no precise limits for the spectral range of visible radiation since they depend upon the amount of radiant power reaching the retina and the responsivity of the observer. The lower limit is generally taken between 360 nm and 400 nm and the upper limit between 760 nm and 830 nm. (CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV)
visual pair-matching
The association of homologous (i.e., left-right) elements based on similarities in morphology.
Voice Data File
The digital, encoded file primarily containing the sounds of vocalizations of bothspeech and non-speech content, convertible to an acoustic signal replicating the original acoustic signal. A voice data file is extracted from an audio recording, but not all audiorecordings contain voice signals and not all voice data is speech. A physical medium,such as a phonograph record, contains a voice signal but is not a voice data file.
Voice Inflection
Use of tonal changes and volume to effectively communicate with the canine.
Voice Prompt
spoken message used to guide the user through a dialog with a voice response system
Voice Recording
Voice Signal
Void
voir dire
The examination of an expert witness in a court proceeding to assist the court in determining whether the expert has the necessary qualifications to testify about the subject-matter.
Volatile
Volatile Data
Volatility
Volt (V)
The unit of electrical pressure (electromotive force) represented by the symbol 'E'; the difference in potential required to make a current of one ampere flow through a resistance of one ohm.
voucher specimen
Biological specimen that is representative of its species in accordance with the relevant taxonomic authority and is therefore valid for comparative purposes. Voucher specimens are of known identity, and are curated with available associated geographic, field collection, and life history data.
Voucher Specimen
Biological specimen that is representative of its species in accordance with the relevant taxonomic authority. Voucher specimens are of known identity, and are curated with available associated geographic, field collection and life history data.
Voucher Specimen
Biological specimen that is typical of its species in accordance with the relevant taxonomic authority. Voucher specimens are of known identity, and are curated with geographic, field collection, and life history data.
Vulcanization
vulnerable populations
populations at risk for poor physical, psychological, or social health.
Discussion—Minors, unaccompanied minors, disabled people, elderly people, pregnant women, single parents with minor children and persons who have been subjected to torture, rape or other serious forms of psychological, physical or sexual violence, victims of trafficking. Any group or sector of society that is at higher risk of being subjected to discriminatory practices or violence, (such as women, children or the elderly), as defined by race/ethnicity, socio-economic status, geography, gender, age, disability status, risk status related to sex and gender, and among other populations identified to be at-risk for health disparities.
W3C
World Wide Web Consortium. It is an international community that develops standardsfor web development.
Wale
Warp
Warp
Water Gel Explosive
watermark
A translucent design, pattern, or symbol created in paper by varying the opacity or distribution of fibers within an area of the paper to identify the manufacturer, brand, or customer. It is best seen when held up to light.
Watt (W)
Unit of power, or rate of work, equal to one joule per second, or the rate of work represented by a current of one ampere under the potential of one volt.
Wav
Waveform Audio File Format.
Wav
A specific implementation of the RIFF file format for audio data.
Waveform Monitor
Wear
Weathering
Weft
Weft (filling)
Welfare
The treatment that a canine receives providing for its physical and mental needs.
Wellman Outsole Cutting Machine
Wet Bone
Bone that still retains its visco-elastic properties, typically due to retention of soft tissue and associated fluids.
Wet Media Film
Wet Origin Impression
Wgs 84 (G873)
WGS 84 is the World Geodetic System of 1984. At 0000 GMT September 30, 1996 (thestart of GPS Week 873), WGS 84 was redefined and was more closely aligned withInternational Earth Rotation Service (IERS) Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) 94. It isnow formally called WGS 84 (G873). WGS 84 (G873) was adopted as the referenceframe for broadcast orbits on January 29, 1997.
Wheel Base
Whelping
Giving birth to a puppy
White Noise
Distractor odors that are naturally occurring in the search environment that are not placed by evaluators, observers or participants. Animal remains that were not placed by someone, holes that were dug by wild animals, feces from other animals, etc. (See natural distractors.)
Wick
Wilderness Search
To locate target odor/scent sources in a rural environment.
Windows Media
There are several proprietary formats developed by Microsoft. Windows Media Video(WMV) was developed for Internet streaming applications. Windows Media Audio(WMA) has four distinct codecs: WMA Pro, WMA Lossless, WMA Voice and theoriginal codec also referred to as WMA. The Advanced Systems Format (.asf) is acontainer format designed for streaming media. The Advanced Stream Redirector(ASX) is a type of XML designed to store a playlist for a multimedia presentation.