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Search Publications by: Galen O'Neil (Fed)

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Displaying 1 - 25 of 73

Speciation of cesium in a radiocesium-bearing microparticle emitted from Unit 1 during the Fukushima nuclear accident by XANES spectroscopy using transition edge sensor

September 5, 2025
Author(s)
Yoshio Takahashi, Shinya Yamada, Hikaru Miura, Yuichi Kurihara, Oki Sekizawa, Kiyofumi Nitta, Tadashi Hashimoto, Masato Tanaka, Minako Kurisu, Shinji Okada, Takaaki Itai, Hiroki Suga, Teruhiko Kashiwabara, Kohei Sakata, Hideyuki Tatsuno, Ryota Hayakawa, Hirotaka Suda, Takaya Ohashi, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Takuma Okumura, Yuto Ichinohe, Tasuku Hayashi, Yuki Imai, Hirofumi Noda, Toru Tamagawa, Tadaaki Isobe, Toshiyuki Azuma, William Doriese, Joel Ullom, Daniel Swetz, Malcolm Durkin, Galen O'Neil, Satoshi Kohjiro, Shogo Higaki, Daisuke Tsumune, Masayoshi Yamamoto, Tomoya Uruga
The chemical state of radiocesium (RCs) was determined using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) in fluorescence mode and microbeam X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) mapping for the cesium (Cs) incorporated in a radiocesium-bearing silica microparticle

Direct detection of the ? 8.4 eV internal conversion energy of 229mTh embedded in a superconducting nanowire

August 25, 2025
Author(s)
Galen O'Neil, Kjeld Beeks, Eric Hudson, David Ray Leibrandt, Marion Mallweger, Sae Woo Nam, Sayan Patra, Gil Porat, Dileep Venkatarama Reddy, Thorsten Schumm, Stephen Schoun, Benedict Seiferle, Christian Schneider, Lars von der Wense, Peter Thirolf, Varun Verma, Jun Ye, Chuankun Zhang
We report on a direct measurement of the ∼ 8.4 eV nuclear excitation energy of the isomeric first excited state 229mTh via the internal conversion (IC) decay channel. Thermalized and mass-filtered recoiling 229mTh ions from 233U α decay are delivered to

Primary activity measurement of an Am-241 solution using microgram inkjet gravimetry and decay energy spectrometry

July 7, 2025
Author(s)
Ryan Fitzgerald, Bradley Alpert, Denis Bergeron, Max Carlson, Richard Essex, Kelsey Morgan, Shinichiro N. Muramoto, Svetlana Nour, Galen O'Neil, Daniel Schmidt, Gordon Shaw, Daniel Swetz, R Verkouteren
We demonstrate a method for radionuclide assay that is spectroscopic with 100 % counting efficiency for alpha decay. Advancing both cryogenic decay energy spectrometry (DES) and drop-on-demand inkjet metrology, a solution of Am-241 was assayed for massic

Impact of Ni-like metastable states and hyperfine quenching on charge state distribution in an EBIT

June 30, 2025
Author(s)
Chowdhury Abrar Faiyaz, Endre Takacs, Timothy Burke, FNU Dipti, Galen O'Neil, Adam Hosier, Hunter Staiger, Joseph Tan, Yuri Ralchenko
We show the effects of ladder ionization and hyperfine quenching on charge state distributions and spectral features of ions in electron beam ion trap (EBIT) devices. Ladder ionization with intermediate excitation of metastable states proceeds at lower

Description of the electronic structure of oxyhemoglobin using Fe L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy

June 11, 2025
Author(s)
Augustin Braun, Charles Titus, Michael Baker, Max Waters, James Yan, Sang-Jun Lee, Dennis Nordlund, William Doriese, Galen O'Neil, Daniel Schmidt, Daniel Swetz, Joel Ullom, Kent Irwin, Edward Solomon
The electronic structure of oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb), the O2-bound form of the oxygen carrier, has been controversial since the discovery of its diamagnetism in 1936. This study uses partial fluorescence yield Fe L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in

Charge-exchange processes in EBIT: implications for spectral analysis of few-electron Fe ions

April 16, 2025
Author(s)
Yang Yang, FNU Dipti, Amy Gall, Nancy Brickhouse, Hunter Staiger, Galen O'Neil, Paul Szypryt, Adam Foster, David Schultz, Aung Naing, Joseph Tan, Daniel Swetz, Michael Fogle, Randall Smith, Yuri Ralchenko, Endre Takacs
Charge-exchange recombination with neutral atoms significantly influences the ionization balance in electron beam ion traps (EBIT) because its cross section is relatively large compared to cross sections of electron collision induced processes. Modeling

Application of hard x-ray and gamma-ray TES microcalorimeters at an accelerator facility

January 24, 2025
Author(s)
Takeshi Saito, Shinji Okada, Yuichi Toyoma, Toshiyuki Azuma, Goncalo Baptista, Daniel Becker, Douglas Bennett, William Doriese, Joseph Fowler, Johnathon Gard, Tadashi Hashimoto, Ryota Hayakawa, Tasuku HAYASHI, Yuto Ichinohe, Josef Imrek, Paul Indelicato, Tadaaki Isobe, Sohtaro Kanda, Naritoshi Kawamura, John Mates, Yasuhiro Miyake, Kelsey Morgan, Hirofumi Noda, Galen O'Neil, Takuma Okumura, Nancy Paul, Daniel Schmidt, Kouichiro Shimomura, Patrick Strasser, Daniel Swetz, Tadayuki Takahashi, Motonobu Tampo, Joel Ullom, Izumi Umegaki, Joel Weber, Shinya Yamada, Daikang Yan
The x-ray spectroscopy of the muonic atom has attracted atomic, nuclear, and particle physicists since its discovery. The properties of a muonic atom, such as its binding energy or atomic radius, are different from an ordinary atom because of the

Flexible superconducting wiring for integration with low temperature detector and readout fabrication

September 14, 2024
Author(s)
Galen O'Neil, Daniel Swetz, Joel Ullom, Daniel Schmidt, Joel Weber, John Mates, William Doriese, Mark Keller, Michael Vissers, Kelsey Morgan, Robinjeet Singh
We present a method of creating high density superconducting flexible wiring on flexible thin silicon substrates. The flexible wiring, called SOI flex, is created by depositing superconducting wiring on a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer, selectively

Few-electron highly charged muonic Ar atoms verified by electronic K xrays

July 10, 2024
Author(s)
Takuma Okumura, Toshiyuki Azuma, Douglas Bennett, W. Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Joseph Fowler, Johnathon Gard, Tadashi Hashimoto, Ryota Hayakawa, Yuto Ichinohe, Paul Indelicato, Tadaaki Isobe, Sohtaro Kanda, Daiji Kato, Miho Katsuragawa, Naritoshi Kawamura, Yasushi Kino, Nao Kominato, Yasuhiro Miyake, Kelsey Morgan, Hirofumi Noda, Galen O'Neil, Shinji Okada, Kenichi Okutsu, Nancy Paul, Carl D. Reintsema, Toshiki Sato, Dan Schmidt, Kouichiro Shimomura, Patrick Strasser, Daniel Swetz, Tadayuki Takahashi, Shinichiro Takeda, Soshi Takeshita, Motonobu Tampo, Hideyuki Tatsuno, Tong Xiao-Min, Joel Ullom, Shin Watanabe, Shinya Yamada, Takuma Yamashita
Electronic K x rays emitted by muonic Ar atoms in the gas phase were observed using a superconducting transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeter. The high-precision energy spectra provided a clear signature of the presence of muonic atoms accompanied by a few

High resolution X-ray Spectra of the Time Evolution of Emission from Metastable Electronic States of Highly Charged Ni-like Ions

June 25, 2024
Author(s)
Timothy Burke, Endre Takacs, Dipti Dipti, Adam Hosier, Galen O'Neil, Hunter Staiger, Joseph N. Tan, Aung S. Naing, Joan Marler, Yuri Ralchenko
Metastable levels of highly charged ions that can only decay via highly forbidden transitions can have a significant effect on the properties of high temperature plasmas. For example the highly forbidden 3d10 J=0 - 3d94s ( 5 2 , 1 2 )J=3 magnetic octupole

Characterization of Transition Edge Sensors for Decay Energy Spectrometry

May 16, 2024
Author(s)
Max Carlson, Ryan P. Fitzgerald, Galen O'Neil, Dan Schmidt
By using a superconducting Transition Edge Sensor (TES) to measure the thermal energy of individual decay events with high energy resolution (goal of 1 keV at 5 MeV), Decay Energy Spectrometry (DES) provides a unique fingerprint to identify each

Nanoscale Three-Dimensional Imaging of Integrated Circuits Using a Scanning Electron Microscope and Transition-Edge Sensor Spectrometer

April 30, 2024
Author(s)
Nathan Nakamura, Paul Szypryt, Amber Dagel, Bradley Alpert, Douglas Bennett, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Joseph Fowler, Dylan Fox, Johnathon Gard, Ryan Goodner, James Zachariah Harris, Gene C. Hilton, Edward Jimenez, Burke Kernen, Kurt Larson, Zachary H. Levine, Daniel McArthur, Kelsey Morgan, Galen O'Neil, Christine Pappas, Carl D. Reintsema, Dan Schmidt, Peter Schulz, Daniel Swetz, Kyle Thompson, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Courtenay Vaughan, Christopher Walker, Joel Weber, Jason Wheeler
X-ray nanotomography is a powerful tool for the characterization of nanoscale materials and structures, but it is difficult to implement due to the competing requirements of X-ray flux and spot size. Due to this constraint, state-of-the-art nanotomography

A tabletop x-ray tomography instrument for nanometer-scale imaging: demonstration of the 1,000-element transition-edge sensor subarray

August 1, 2023
Author(s)
Paul Szypryt, Nathan J. Nakamura, Dan Becker, Douglas Bennett, Amber L. Dagel, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Joseph Fowler, Johnathon Gard, J. Zachariah Harris, Gene C. Hilton, Jozsef Imrek, Edward S. Jimenez, Kurt W. Larson, Zachary H. Levine, John Mates, Daniel McArthur, Luis Miaja Avila, Kelsey Morgan, Galen O'Neil, Nathan Ortiz, Christine G. Pappas, Dan Schmidt, Kyle R. Thompson, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Michael Vissers, Christopher Walker, Joel Weber, Abigail Wessels, Jason W. Wheeler, Daniel Swetz
We report on the 1,000-element transition-edge sensor (TES) x-ray spectrometer implementation of the TOMographic Circuit Analysis Tool (TOMCAT). TOMCAT combines a high spatial resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) with a highly efficient and

Proof-of-Principle Experiment for Testing Strong-Field Quantum Electrodynamics with Exotic Atoms: High Precision X-Ray Spectroscopy of Muonic Neon

April 27, 2023
Author(s)
Douglas Bennett, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Joseph Fowler, Johnathon Gard, Gene C. Hilton, Kelsey Morgan, Galen O'Neil, Carl D. Reintsema, Dan Schmidt, Daniel Swetz, Joel Ullom, Takuma Okumura
To test the bound-state quantum electrodynamics (BSQED), we have performed high precision x- ray spectroscopy of the 5g→4f and 5f→4d transitions (BSQED contribution of 2.4 eV and 5.2 eV, respectively) of muonic neons in the low-pressure gas phase under the

Determination of electron beam energy in measuring the electron-impact ionization cross section of He-like Fe24+

March 17, 2023
Author(s)
Yuri Ralchenko, Galen O'Neil, Paul Szypryt, Joseph N. Tan, Aung S. Naing, Yang Yang, Dipti Dipti, Amy Gall, Adam Hosier, David Schultz, Randall Smith, Nancy Brickhouse, Endre Takacs
In an effort to measure electron-impact ionization (EII) cross sections of He-like $Fe^24+}$ at the electron beam ion trap (EBIT) facility of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), we have experimentally determined the corrections to

Background and blended spectral line reduction in precision spectroscopy of EUV and x-ray transitions in highly charged ions

March 3, 2023
Author(s)
Yuri Ralchenko, Joseph N. Tan, Aung S. Naing, Galen O'Neil, Paul Szypryt, Dipti Dipti, Grant Mondeel, Roshani Silwal, Alain Lapierre, Steven Blundell, Gerald Gwinner, Antonio Camargo Villari, Endre Takacs
We report a method in EBIT spectral analysis that reduces signal from contaminant lines of 1 known or unknown origin. We utilize similar ion charge distributions of heavy highly charged ions 2 that create similar potentials for lighter contaminating

Measurements of Strong-Interaction Effects in Kaonic-Helium Isotopes at sub-eV Precision with x-ray microcalorimeters

March 18, 2022
Author(s)
Tadashi Hashimoto, S Aikawa, T. Akaishi, M Bazzi, Douglas Bennett, M Berger, D Bosnar, A. D. Butt, C. Curceanu, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Y Ezoe, Joseph Fowler, H. Fujioka, Johnathon Gard, C Guaraldo, F.P. Gustafsson, C. Han, R Hayakawa, R. S. Hayano, T Hayashi, J. Hays-Wehle, Gene C. Hilton, T Hiraiwa, M Hiromoto, Y Ichinoge, M Iio, Y Iizawa, M Iliescu, S Ishimoto, Y Ishisaki, K Itahashi, M Iwasaki, Y Ma, T Murakami, T Nishi, H Noda, K Nomura, H Noumi, K Ooi, H Outa, K Piscicchia, Carl D. Reintsema, Y Sada, S Okada, Galen O'Neil, Dan Schmidt, Daniel Swetz, Joel Ullom, S Yamada, J Uhlig
We have measured the 3 d→ 2 p transition x rays of kaonic He 3 and He 4 atoms using superconducting transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeters with an energy resolution better than 6 eV (FWHM). We determined the energies to be 6224.5±0.4 (stat)±0.2 (syst) eV

Toward a New Primary Standardization of Radionuclide Massic Activity Using Microcalorimetry and Quantitative Milligram-Scale Samples

February 24, 2022
Author(s)
Ryan P. Fitzgerald, Bradley Alpert, Dan Becker, Denis E. Bergeron, Richard Essex, Kelsey Morgan, Svetlana Nour, Galen O'Neil, Dan Schmidt, Gordon A. Shaw, Daniel Swetz, R. Michael Verkouteren, Daikang Yan
We present a new paradigm for the primary standardization of radionuclide activity per mass of solution (Bq/g). Two key enabling capabilities are 4π decay-energy spectrometry using chip-scale sub-Kelvin microcalorimeters and direct realization of mass by

Brominated nanoscale diamond enables room temperature and catalysis free functionalization chemistry

January 27, 2022
Author(s)
Cynthia Melendrez, Jorge Lopez-Rosas, Tsz Cheung, Camron Stokes, Sang-Jun Lee, Jan Vavra, Helena Raabova, Vaclav Vanek, Sami Sainio, Dennis Nordlund, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Galen O'Neil, Daniel Swetz, Joel Ullom, Kent Irwin, Peter Cigler, Polo Tran, Halim Muhammad, Virginia Altoe, Charles Titus, Jocelyn Valenzuela, Grace Jeanpierre, Abraham Wolcott
Bromination of diamond surfaces has not been explored and can potentially open new avenues for increased chemical reactivity. Aerobically oxidized high-pressure high-temperature nanoscale diamond (ND) is a widely used host for the nitrogen vacancy centers

Proceedings of the 2nd CREST Nano-Virtual-Labs Joint Workshop on Superconductivity

October 12, 2021
Author(s)
Kent D. Irwin, James A. Beall, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, William Duncan, S. L. Ferreira, Gene C. Hilton, Rob Horansky, John Mates, Nathan A. Tomlin, Galen O'Neil, Carl D. Reintsema, Dan Schmidt, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale
Superconductivity is a powerful tool for the detection of electromagnetic radiation and the energy in particle interactions. One leading superconducting detector technology is the superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES), which uses a superconducting

Design of a 3000 pixel transition-edge sensor x-ray spectrometer for microcircuit tomography

August 1, 2021
Author(s)
Paul Szypryt, Douglas Bennett, William J. Boone, Amber L. Dagel, G Dalton, William Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Joseph Fowler, Edward Garboczi, Jonathon D. Gard, Gene Hilton, Jozsef Imrek, E S. Jimenez, Vincent Y. Kotsubo, K Larson, Zachary H. Levine, John Mates, D McArthur, Kelsey Morgan, Nathan J. Nakamura, Galen O'Neil, Nathan Ortiz, Christine G. Pappas, Carl Reintsema, Dan Schmidt, Daniel Swetz, K R. Thompson, Joel Ullom, C Walker, Joel C. Weber, Abigail Wessels, J W. Wheeler
Feature sizes in integrated circuits have decreased substantially over time, and it has become increasingly difficult to three-dimensionally image these complex circuits after fabrication. This can be important for process development, defect analysis, and

De-excitation dynamics of muonic atoms revealed by high precision spectroscopy of electronic K x rays using a superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter

July 27, 2021
Author(s)
Douglas Bennett, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Malcolm Durkin, Joseph Fowler, Johnathon Gard, Gene C. Hilton, Kelsey Morgan, Galen O'Neil, Carl D. Reintsema, Dan Schmidt, Daniel Swetz, Joel Ullom, Toshiyuki Azuma, Pietro Caradonna, I-Huan Chiu, Tadashi Hashimoto, Ryota Hayakawa, Yuto Ichinohe, Paul Indelicato, TadaAki Isobe, Sohtaro Kanda, Daiji Kato, Miho Katsuragawa, Naritoshi Kawamura, Yasushi Kino, Kenya Kubo, Kairi Mine, Yasuhiro Miyake, Kazuhiko Ninomiya, Hirofumi Noda, Shinji Okada, Takuma Okumura, Kenichi Okutsu, Takahito Osawa, Nancy Paul, Kouichiro Shimomura, Patrick Strasser, Hirotaka Suda, Tadayuki Takahashi, Shinichiro Takeda, Soshi Takeshita, Motonobu Tampo, Hideyuki Tatsuno, XiaoMin Tong, Yasuhiro Ueno, Shin Watanabe, Shinya Yamada
We observed electronic K x rays emitted from muonic iron atoms using a superconducting transition-edge-type sensor microcalorimeter. The energy resolution of 5.2 eV in FWHM allowed us to observe the asymmetric broad profile of the electronic characteristic

Mitigating finite bandwidth effects in time-division- multiplexed SQUID readout of TES arrays

March 11, 2021
Author(s)
Malcolm Durkin, Joseph S. Adams, Simon Bandler, James A. Chervenak, Ed Denison, William Doriese, Shannon Duff, Fred M. Finkbeiner, Joseph Fowler, Johnathon Gard, Gene C. Hilton, Ruslan Hummatov, Kent Irwin, Young I. Joe, Richard L. Kelley, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Antoine R. Miniussi, Kelsey Morgan, Galen O'Neil, Christine Pappas, Frederick S. Porter, Carl Reintsema, Kazuhiro Sakai, Stephen J. Smith, Robert W. Stevens, Daniel Swetz, Paul Szypryt, Joel Ullom, Leila Vale, Nicholas A. Wakeham
Time division multiplexing (TDM) is being developed as the readout technology of the X-ray integral field unit (X-IFU), a 3,168-pixel X-ray transition-edge sensor (TES) imaging spectrometer that is part of the European Space Agency's Athena satellite
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