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Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 17126 - 17150 of 73697

Optical-to-RF Frequency Synthesis: Application Priorities for Ultra-low Phase Noise

October 18, 2015
Author(s)
David A. Howe, Archita Hati, Craig W. Nelson, Lora L. Nugent-Glandorf
We describe operational challenges and progress of optical frequency-comb dividers (OFDs) that synthesize RF signals from the optical domain. Our priorities include: (1) ultra-low phase-noise, (2) continuous operation, and (3) broadly low Allan deviation.

Equilibrium Self-Assembly, Structure, and Dynamics of Clusters of Star-Like Micelles

October 17, 2015
Author(s)
Vivek M. Prabhu, Shrinivas Venkataraman, Yi Yan Yang, James Hedrick
Small-angle neutron scattering and static and dynamic light scattering have characterized the hierar-chical structure and dynamics of clusters of self-assembled star-like micelles formed by oligocarbonate-fluorene func-tionalized polyethylene glycol

NIST on a Chip: Realizing SI units with microfabricated alkali vapour cells

October 16, 2015
Author(s)
John E. Kitching, Elizabeth A. Donley, Svenja A. Knappe, Matthew T. Hummon, Argyrios Dellis, Jeffrey A. Sherman, Kartik A. Srinivasan, Vladimir A. Aksyuk, Qiliang Li, Daron A. Westly, Brian J. Roxworthy, Amit Lal
We describe several ways in which microfabricated alkali atom vapour cells might potentially be used to accurately realize a variety of SI units, including the second, the meter, the kelvin, the ampere and the volt, in a compact, low-cost “chip-scale”

Quantifying Trace 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) in Polymer Microspheres

October 16, 2015
Author(s)
Timothy M. Brewer, Robert A. Fletcher, Matthew E. Staymates
Well characterized test materials are essential for validating the performance of current trace explosive detection systems. Explosive encapsulated microspheres have proven to be a valuable test material for trace explosive detection because their precise

A Single-Pixel Touchless Laser Tracker Probe

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Josh Gordon, David R. Novotny, Alexandra Curtin
We have developed a laser tracker probe, the Pixel Probe, that does not require physically contacting the object one is measuring and which has 3D spatial resolution of about 25 μm (in x,y,z) in the current configuration. This touchless laser tracker probe

Abiotic bromination of soil organic matter

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Bruce D. Ravel, Alessandra C. Leri
Biogeochemical transformations of plant-derived soil organic matter (SOM) involve complex abiotic and microbially mediated reactions. One such reaction is halogenation, which occurs naturally in the soil environment and has been associated with enzymatic

Confidence Estimation in Stem Cell Classification

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Peter Bajcsy, Jana Kosecka, Zahra Rajabi
We study the problem of supervised classification of stem cell colonies and confidence estimation of the attained classification labels. The problem is investigated in the application context of heterogeneity labels of stem cell colonies observed by using

Current and Emerging Technologies to Characterize the Higher-Order Structure of Monoclonal Antibodies

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
John Marino, Robert G. Brinson, Jane E. Ladner, David Travis Gallagher, Luke Arbogast, Richard Huang, Jeffrey W. Hudgens, Elyssia S. Gallagher
In contrast to small molecule therapeutics whose conformations can be absolutely defined by constitution and stereochemistry, biopharmaceuticals are distinguished by the requirement for folding into higher order structures (secondary, tertiary, and

Determination of the Primary Sequence/ Structure

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Catherine A. Mouchahoir, Mellisa Ly, Michaella Levy, Lisa E. Kilpatrick, Scott C. Lute, Karen W. Phinney, Lisa Marzilli, Kurt A. Brorson, Michael T. Boyne, Darryl Davis, John E. Schiel
The primary sequence of a protein, including therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), is a critical quality attribute that determines a great deal of its functionality and stability. Significant effort is devoted to determining the complete amino acid

Glycan Analysis of NIST mAb Reference Material

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
John E. Schiel, Catherine A. Mouchahoir
N-linked glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that imparts structural heterogeneity to recombinant monoclonal antibody therapeutics. The various oligosaccharides attached to the CH2 domains of IgG can impact the efficacy, safety and

Microstructural Origins of Cement Paste Degradation by External Sulfate Attack

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Pan Feng, Edward Garboczi, Pan Feng, Jeffrey W. Bullard
A microstructure model has been applied to simulate near-surface degradation of portland cement paste in contact with a sodium sulfate solution. This new model uses thermodynamic equilibrium calculations to guide both compositional and microstructure

Multi-Scale Effects in the Strength of Ceramics

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Robert F. Cook
Multiple length-scale effects are demonstrated in indentation-strength measurements of a range of ceramic materials under inert and reactive conditions. Meso-scale effects associated with flaw disruption by lateral cracking at large indentation loads are

Poster:A Logic Based Network Forensics Model for Evidence Analysis

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Anoop Singhal, Changwei Liu, Duminda Wijesekera
Modern-day attackers tend to use sophisticated multi-stage/multi-host attack techniques and anti-forensics tools to cover their attack traces. Due to the current limitations of intrusion detection and forensic analysis tools, reconstructing attack

Probing Nanoscale Thermal Transport in Surfactant Solutions

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Fangyu Cao, Ying Liu, Jiajun Xu, Yadong He, Boualem Hammouda, Rui Qiao, Bao Yang
Surfactant solutions typically feature tunable nanoscale, internal structures. Although rarely utilized, they can be a powerful platform for probing thermal transport in nanoscale domains and across interfaces with nanometer-size radius. Here, we examine

Protein Particles (0.1 ym to 100 ym)

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Dean C. Ripple, Linda Narhi
Protein molecules in solution can form proteinaceous particles by a variety of aggregation processes. The size and concentration of these particles is an important quality attribute for therapeutic MAb solutions. In this chapter, we describe the techniques

Scientific Software Sustainability: The Numerical Reproducibility Challenge

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Walid Keyrouz, Michael V. Mascagni
Experimental reproducibility is a cornerstone of the scientific method. The ease of achieving its counterpart in computing, numerical reproducibility, was one of the core assumptions underpinning the growth of scientific computing over the past several

Security of Interactive and Automated Access Management Using Secure Shell (SSH)

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Tatu Ylonen, Paul Turner, Karen Scarfone, Murugiah Souppaya
Users and hosts must be able to access other hosts in an interactive or automated fashion, often with very high privileges, for a variety of reasons, including file transfers, disaster recovery, privileged access management, software and patch management

Shape Descriptors Comparison for Cell Tracking

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Michael P. Majurski, Christopher Zheng, Joe Chalfoun, Alden A. Dima, Mary C. Brady
New microscope technologies are enabling the acquisition of large volumes of live cell image data. Accurate temporal object tracking is required to facilitate the analysis of this data. One principle component of cell tracking is correspondence, matching

Software-defined Radio Based Measurement Platform for Wireless Networks

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
I-Chun Chao, Kang B. Lee, Rick Candell, Frederick M. Proctor, Chien-Chung Shen
There has been a dramatic push to adopting wireless networking technologies and protocols (such as 802.11, ZigBee, WirelessHART, Bluetooth, ISA100.11a, etc.) into time-critical networks. End-to-end latency is critical to many distributed applications and

Structural Elucidation of Chemical and Post-translational Modifications of Monoclonal Antibodies

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Wenzhou Li, James L. Kerwin, John E. Schiel, Catherine A. Mouchahoir, Darryl Davis, Andrew Mahan, Sabrina A. Benchaar
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), a rapidly growing class of therapeutic drugs, present a daunting challenge for structural characterization. They are heterodimers of separate light and heavy chains comprising over 1200 amino acid residues. During
Displaying 17126 - 17150 of 73697
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