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Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 14226 - 14250 of 73697

Fire Endurance Testing of Floor Systems Effects of Scale and Restraint

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
John L. Gross
Three standard fire resistance tests (ASTM E 119) were conducted on a composite floor system to study the effects of 1) test restraint conditions, and 2) scale of the test. Two full-scale tests, 35 ft (10.7 m) span, and one half-scale test, 17 ft (5.2 m)

Fire Modeling Analysis: Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Office Building

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
D W. Stroup
This report describes results obtained from a fire protection engineering analysis of an historic government office building located in Washington, DC. The Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Office Building is a five story building constructed in the 1870 s to

Fire Structure Interface for the World Trade Center Towers

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Kuldeep Prasad, Howard R. Baum
The collapse of the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, resulting from a combination of aircraft impact damage and subsequent fires, was studied as part of the Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster

First-Principles Effective Hamiltonians for PbZrO 3

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Eric J. Cockayne
The phase transformation behavior and physical properties of the technologically important PbZr 1-xTi xO 3 (PZT) solid solution series are of great interest. For example, the large piezoelectric response of PZT (x = 0.45) makes this compound suitable for

First-Principles Zone-Center Theory of Superconductivity in MgB 2

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Taner N. Yildirim, O Gulseren
We have carried out first-principles calculation of Tc and other relevant parameters of the new 40 K superconductor MgB2. Our results are in excellent agreement with the neutron measurements of phonons as well as with the measured boron isotope effect and

Flame Retardant Clay Nanocomposites

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman
For more than a decade potential environmental problems associated with organo-bromine flame retardant systems have motivated the search for non-halogen based approaches to reducing polymer flammability. Initially, research focused on development of new

Flame Retardant Mechanism of a Polymer Clay Nanocomposite

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, John R. Shields, Richard H. Harris Jr., W H. Awad
The thermal and flammability properties of the polyamide 6/clay nanocomposites are measured to determine the flame retardant performance of the nanocomposites. The gasification process of the nanocomposite samples are observed and collected residues are

Flame Retardants: An Overview

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Richard Gann, Jeffrey W. Gilman
Flame retardant additives are ubiquitous in commercial products. They reduce fire losses by decreasing the likelihood of ignition and the rate of heat release of the products in which they are compounded. This article outlines the definition, applications

Flammability Properties of PMMA-Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, F Du, K Winey, K M. Groth, John R. Shields, Richard H. Harris Jr., Jack F. Douglas
Flammability properties of PMMA/SWNT nanocomposites were measured. The addition of SWNT significantly reduces mass loss rate of PMMA even for the contents less than a 1 % mass fraction. The dispersion of tubes affects flammability properties.

Flexible Polyurethane Foams Nanocomposites

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Roland H. Kraemer, Richard H. Harris Jr., Thomas J. Ohlemiller, Sameer Rahatekar, Jeffrey W. Gilman
Polyurethane flexible foams (PUFs) have a large market as upholstery and bedding cushioning material. There is an increasing demand for flame retarded grades in rail, plane and automotive transportation. Untreated PUFs are prone to rapid fire growth due to

Further Developments in Modeling the Thermal Decomposition of Polymers

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Marc R. Nyden, S I. Stoliarov, P R. Westmoreland
The application of quantum mechanics and molecular simulation methods can yield new insights into thermal reactivity and its effect on materials flammability. One example of this approach is reactive molecular dynamics as implemented in a computer program

Gender and Control in the 2001 World Trade Center Evacuation

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski
Occupants in fire emergencies in buildings are presented with multiple pieces of information and environmental cues which produce varying levels of stress for the occupant. Occupants develop behavior response strategies to decrease their level of stress

Glass forming liquids and polymers: what we learn from statistical physics

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
S C. Glotzer, Y Gebremichael, N Lacevic, T B. Schroder, Francis W. Starr
We describe the application of statistical mechanical framework, originally developed to describe critical phenonema, to the problem of dynamic criticality associated with the glass transition of various materials.

Gravitational Effects on Mercuric Iodide Crystal Growth

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
B W. Steiner, L van den Berg, U Laor
Gravity can affect the physical vapor growth of mercuric iodide in two distinct ways. First, gravity will induce convection during growth, which strongly mixes residual impurities and any elementary gases resulting from imperfect stoichiometry, either of

Green Body Density Measurement Techniques

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
P Pei, J Anderson, M C. Bhardwaj, Dennis B. Minor, T Thornton
Green body density measurement techniques were investigated and compared. The measurement techniques investigated include mass-volume measurement, mercury pycnometry, powderdisplacement pycnometry, and noncontact ultrasonic method. Samples studied include

Habits of Grains in Dense Polycrystalline Solids

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
D M. Saylor, B S. El-Dasher, Y Pang, H M. Miller, P Wynblatt, Anthony D. Rollett, G S. Rohrer
Three-dimensional interfacial networks in polycrystalline solids are topologically and crystallographically complex. With a few notable exceptions, most of what we know about the distribution of three-dimensional grain shapes has been derived from foams or

Handbook of Radiant Heating and Cooling

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
J M. Palmer, K S. Chapman, R D. Watson
These four chapters are part of a larger book on radiant heating and cooling. The goal of these chapters is to explain thermal comfort, how it is modeled, and how to calculate it. The first chapter explains the variables of thermal comfort. The second

Hierarchical Roughness Makes Superhydrophobic States Stable

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Michael Nosonovsky, Bharat Bhushan
Roughness enhances hydrophobicity of a solid surface leading to high contact angles with water. To achieve low contact angle hysteresis along with a high contact angle, superhydrophobic surfaces should form composite interface (CI) with air pockets in the

High Performance Tribology Systems: Design Consideration

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Stephen M. Hsu
Since the 1980s, the pace of technology innovations has accelerated exponentially. The advent of high efficiency yet environmental friendly diesel engine technology, micro-electro-mechanical devices (MEMs), better and more durable biomaterials, and ever

High Throughput Methods for Nanocomposite Materials Research. Extrusion and Visible Optical Probes.

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, P H. Maupin, Richard H. Harris Jr., S Bellayer, Anthony J. Bur, S C. Roth, M Murariu, A B. Morgan, J R. Harris
A quiet revolution is occurring in the field of polymer science the high throughput (HT) or combinatorial revolution. It is, in a general sense, a change in the way one views performing research and development, and simply involves devising methods to

High Throughput Methods for Rapidly Developing Additive Filled Polymers

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Rick D. Davis, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Marc R. Nyden, John R. Shields, Richard H. Harris Jr., W Demory
The high throughput mindset has been our approach to rapidly synthesize, characterize, and analyze additive filled polymers. For example, rather than taking a week to extrude polystyrene strands with 0% to 10% integer amounts of organically modified clay
Displaying 14226 - 14250 of 73697
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