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NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 3226 - 3250 of 3892

Acid Gas Production in Inhibited Diffusion Flames

May 3, 1994
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, M D. King, A Liu, C A. Womeldorf, Y. E. Hsin
The proposed replacements to halon 1301, mainly fluorinated and chlorinated hydrocarbons, are expected to be required in significantly higher concentrations than CF3Br to extinguish fires. At these higher concentrations the by-products of the inhibited

Fire Conditions for Smoke Toxicity Measurement

May 1, 1994
Author(s)
Richard G. Gann, V Babrauskas, Richard D. Peacock, J R. Hall
This paper identifies those fire conditions most often present when smoke toxicity is the cause of death. It begins with a review of the evidence that smoke-inhalation deaths are in the majority in fire fatalities in the United States. Next, there is an

Agent Stability Under Storage and Discharge Residue (NIST SP 861)

April 1, 1994
Author(s)
Richard D. Peacock, Thomas G. Cleary, Richard H. Harris Jr.
Halon 1301 is known to be stable in metal containers for many years. Any by-products do not affect its fire suppression effectiveness or result in an unacceptable residue. For candidate replacement chemicals, comparable data are needed, reflecting the

Executive Summary (NIST SP 861)

April 1, 1994
Author(s)
William L. Grosshandler, Richard G. Gann, William M. Pitts
Bromotrifluoromethane (halon 1301 or CF3Br) has been the fire-fighting agent of choice for decades to protect inaccessible spaces aboard aircraft in flight because of its inherent ability to inhibit combustion while possessing a high liquid density and

Flame Inhibition Chemistry and the Search for Additional Fire Fighting Chemicals (NIST SP 861)

April 1, 1994
Author(s)
Marc R. Nyden, Gregory T. Linteris, Donald R. Burgess Jr., P R. Westemoreland, Wing Tsang, Michael R. Zachariah
Replacements for the current commercial halons should posses a diverse set of properties which are rarely found together in the same molecule. Thus, the ideal candidate for the replacement of halon 1301 would be a nontoxic gas which is reactive in flames

Flame Suppression Effectiveness (NIST SP 861)

April 1, 1994
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, G. Gmurczyk, William L. Grosshandler, R. G. Rehwoldt, I Vazquez, Thomas G. Cleary, Cary Presser, K Seshadri
A flame will be extinguished when the time required for the chain reaction which sustains combustion exceeds the time it takes to replenish the necessary heat and reactants. A characteristic time for reaction can be estimated from the inverse of a global

Fluid Dynamics of Agent Discharge (NIST SP 861)

April 1, 1994
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, Jiann C. Yang, G. Gmurczyk, Leonard Y. Cooper, William L. Grosshandler, W G. Cleveland, Cary Presser
The extinguishment of a fire using gaseous agents is a very complicated process which is not completely understood. Current fire-fighting agents such as halon 1301 and halon 1211 are believed to function by a combination of chemical (catalytic removal of

Human Exposure and Environmental Impact

April 1, 1994
Author(s)
E Braun, Richard D. Peacock, Glenn P. Forney, George W. Mulholland, Barbara C. Levin
Although these agents are typically employed in unoccupied sections of an aircraft, the possibility of human exposure still exists during handling, storage, and transport. Thus, it is important to know if the accidental release of the 12 agents in areas of

Introduction (NIST SP 861)

April 1, 1994
Author(s)
William L. Grosshandler, Richard G. Gann, William M. Pitts
The Montreal Protocol of 1987 identified halon 1301 (CF3Br) as one of a number of halogenated chemicals that were sufficiently deleterious to stratospheric ozone that their continued production and use required limitation. An amendment to the Protocol

Summary and Recommendations (NIST SP 861)

April 1, 1994
Author(s)
William L. Grosshandler, Richard G. Gann, William M. Pitts
The main objective of this research program was to provide guidance to the sponsors on which materials to evaluate in the full-scale fire suppression test plan at Wright-Patterson AFB. Specifically, the recommendations were to include the following: 1) The

Thermodynamic Properties of Alternative Agents (NIST SP 861)

April 1, 1994
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang, B D. Breuel
Depending upon their applications, current halon 1301 (CF3Br) bottles are normally filled to about half of the bottle volume, and the bottle is then pressurized with nitrogen to 4.1 MPa (600 psig) at room temperature. The purpose of using the

Fire Service and Fire Science: A Winning Combination

March 1, 1994
Author(s)
R E. Sanders, Daniel M. Madrzykowski
To test their ability to fight high-rise fires, the Louisville Fire Department had to simulate one. And to do that, they needed the help of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Analyzing and Exploiting Numerical Characteristics of Zone Fire Models

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
Glenn P. Forney, W F. Moss
In order to design robust and stable zone fire modeling algorithms, the numerical properties of computer arithmetic and modeling differential equations must be understood. This report examines some of these properties and provides tools for their analysis

Comparison of a Fractal Smoke Optics Model With Light Extinction Measurements

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
R A. Dobbins, George W. Mulholland, Nelson P. Bryner
Optical cross-sections of carbonaceous aggregates (smoke) formed by combustion sources have been computed based on fractal concepts. Specific extinction depends upon the primary particle size, the structure of the aggregate as represented by the fractal

Evaluation of Suction Line-Liquid Line Heat Exchange in the Refrigeration Cycle

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
Piotr A. Domanski, David Didion, J. P. Doyle
The paper presents a theoretical evaluation of the performance effects resulting from the installation of a liquid-line/suction-line heat exchanger (LLSL-HX). It examines cycle parameters and refrigerant thermodynamic properties that determine whether the

Fire Safety of Passenger Trains: A Review of Current Approaches and of New Concepts (TN 1406)

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
Richard D. Peacock, Richard W. Bukowski, Walter W. Jones, Paul A. Reneke, Vyto Babrauskas, James E. Brown
Recent advances in passenger guided transportation, fire test methods, and hazard analysis necessitate re-examination of requirements for fire safety. Several studies have indicated nearly random ability of current tests to predict actual fire behavior

Flow of Alternative Agents in Piping

January 1, 1994
Author(s)
Thomas G. Cleary, William L. Grosshandler, Jiann C. Yang
As part of the USAF, Army, Navy and FAA sponsored halon replacement project, the pipe flow characteristics of selected alternative agents for engine nacelle tire protection are being studied. Due to the remote location of the agent storage bottle, piping
Displaying 3226 - 3250 of 3892
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