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Displaying 3851 - 3875 of 13217

Ignition of Mulch Beds Exposed to Continuous-Wind Driven Firebrand Showers

August 3, 2014
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki, Koji Kagiya, Junichi Suzuki, Yoshihiko Hayashi
… firebrand showers. Shredded hardwood mulch, fitted in beds 1.2 m by 1.2 m with a thickness of 51 mm, was … (aka the NIST full-scale Continuous Feed Dragon) installed in the Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF) at the Building Research Institute (BRI) in Japan. The time to reach sustained flaming ignition (FI) …

Computational Modeling and Validation of Aerosol Deposition in Ventilation Ducts

June 20, 2014
Author(s)
Kristopher J. Overholt, Jason Floyd, Ofodike A. Ezekoye
… In fire models, the accurate prediction of aerosol/soot concentrations in the gas phase and aerosol/soot deposition thicknesses in the condensed phase is important for a wide range of … Fire Technology … Computational Modeling and Validation of Aerosol Deposition in Ventilation Ducts …

Experimental Study of Firebrand Transport

June 1, 2014
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Kuibin Zhou, Sayaka Suzuki
… from the combustion of these wood cubes were collected in an array of water filled pans that were arranged to … distance of the firebrands generated. The major change in these experiments from prior work was, for a given wind … size and mass was determined at each pan location. In the past, it was only possible to determine the number …

Quantitative Testing of Fire Scenario Hypotheses: A Bayesian Inference Approach

January 16, 2014
Author(s)
Kristopher J. Overholt, Ofodike A. Ezekoye
… of building design projects and are being used more often in fire and arson investigations as well as reconstructions … and arson investigators can utilize these fire signatures in the determination of cause and origin during fire … fire activity to better understand the underlying physics. In all of these applications, the heat release rate (HRR) and …

A method for the analysis of behavioural uncertainty in evacuation modelling

July 9, 2013
Author(s)
Enrico Ronchi, Paul A. Reneke, Richard D. Peacock
… 1) the analysis of the variability of model predictions in relation to the number of runs of the same evacuation … of the optimal number of runs of the same scenario in relation to pre-defined acceptance criteria. … Fire Technology … modelling, Behavioural uncertainty, Human Behaviour in Fire, Functional Analysis, Convergence Criteria …

Contact function, uniform-thickness shell volume, and convexity measure for 3D star-shaped random particles

March 15, 2013
Author(s)
Edward J. Garboczi, Jeffrey W. Bullard
… as readily as can a sphere, cube, or ellipsoid. In principle, any particle parameter, such as volume, surface … or integrated mean curvature, can be easily computed. In this paper, we extend this list by developing three … algorithm. The two-particle contact function may be used in random particle placement programs, so that random-shaped …

Overview of the Structural Design of World Trade Center 1, 2, and 7

September 1, 2012
Author(s)
Therese P. McAllister, Fahim Sadek, John L. Gross, Jason D. Averill, Richard G. Gann
… 2, and World Trade Center 7. The buildings were destroyed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. This paper describes the four major structural subsystems in the towers: the exterior wall, the core, the floor system, … Fire Technology …

A Life-Cycle Cost Comparison of Exit Stairs and Occupant Evacuation Elevators in Tall Buildings

April 1, 2012
Author(s)
David T. Butry, Robert E. Chapman, Allison L. Huang, Douglas S. Thomas
… Recent changes in the International Building Code (IBC) require a third exit stair for buildings in excess of 420 ft (128 m) high. Additionally, the new code … third stair, provided the passenger elevator be protected in such a way to facilitate safe building evacuation. In this …

Predicting Human Behavior during Fires

October 4, 2011
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski
… the current state of evacuation modeling of human behavior in fires and identifying gaps in current behavioral techniques. The second part of the … model for occupant response to physical and social cues in a building fire event. … Fire Technology …

The 3-D Shape of Blasted and Crushed Rocks: From 20 ?m to 38 mm

August 3, 2011
Author(s)
Edward J. Garboczi, Michael Taylor, Xuefeng Liu
… Granodiorite material from a rock quarry in California was prepared by first quarrying large boulders, … size range covered was more than three orders of magnitude in size and more than ten orders of magnitude in volume. For this dataset, comprised of over 58,000 …

Enticing arsonists with broken windows and social disorder

January 6, 2011
Author(s)
Douglas Thomas, David Butry, Jeffrey P. Prestemon
… and socioeconomic factors shown to influence crime rates. In criminology, it is well understood that indicators of … with lower crime detection and apprehension rates than in other, better maintained neighborhoods. Whether it is the … the incidence of wildland and structure arson ignitions in Michigan from 2001 to 2005 as a function of constructed …

Clean agent suppression of energized electrical equipment fires

January 3, 2011
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris
… determine the amount of agent required to suppress fires in energized electrical equipment; however, there has been no broad agreement on a test method to include in NFPA 2001 for Class C fires. Further, some of the test … fires. This report reviews the role of energy augmentation in the suppression of fires over condensed phase materials. A …

Three Dimensional Shape Analysis of JSC-1A Simulated Lunar Regolith Particles

October 23, 2010
Author(s)
Edward Garboczi
… screen. Samples of all four size fractions were embedded in epoxy and formed into cylindrical specimens. These … moments of inertia were computed for each particle in 3-D as well as a 3-D VRML image of each particle analyzed. … used to critique the shape of a model JSC-1A particle used in a discrete element modeling study. …

Performance of Dual Photoelectric/ Ionization Smoke Alarms in Full-Scale Fire Tests

March 25, 2010
Author(s)
Thomas G. Cleary
… over a range of flaming and smoldering fire scenarios. In one test series, dual alarms activated 539 s faster than … and 79 s faster than photoelectric alarms on average. In another test series, individual alarm sensor outputs were calibrated against a reference smoke source in terms of light obscuration over a path length (percent …

Image Frequency Analysis for Testing of Fire Service Thermal Imaging Cameras

September 30, 2009
Author(s)
Francine K. Amon
… performance standard for thermal imagers used in fire service applications. A suite of thermal imager … and test methods is being developed for possible inclusion in a proposed standard on thermal imagers for the fire … goals apply to two of the imaging performance metrics in this suite: to explore the feasibility of a new spatial …

Furnace Testing of Full-Scale Gypsum Steel Stud Non-Load Bearing Wall Assemblies: Results of Multi-Laboratory Testing in Canada, Japan, and USA

May 30, 2008
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, William L. Grosshandler, Tensei Mizukami
… furnace facilities following the guidance provided in ASTM E119-00. In addition to NAFTL members conducting the tests, the … program was expanded to include four testing laboratories in Japan; the Center for Better Living served as the … Fire Technology … Wall Assemblies: Results of Multi-Laboratory Testing in Canada, Japan, and USA …

A Review of Building Evacuation Models

July 1, 2005
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Richard D. Peacock
… analyses to assess the level of life safety provided in buildings. In some cases, engineers are using back-of-the-envelope … (hand) calculation to assess life safety, and in others, evacuation models are being used. Hand … Fire Technology …

Measurement of Thermal Properties of Gypsum Board at Elevated Temperatures

May 30, 2005
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Seul-Hyun Park, Dale P. Bentz, Tensei Mizukami
… and linear contraction for gypsum board types widely used in the USA and Japan were measured both at room temperature … Type F from Japan. Results indicate that the difference in thermal properties of all gypsum board samples tested in the present study is not significant, particularly at …
Displaying 3851 - 3875 of 13217
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