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Displaying 2101 - 2125 of 2934

Development of a new UHV/XHV pressure standard (Cold Atom Vacuum Standard)

November 10, 2017
Author(s)
Julia Scherschligt, James A. Fedchak, Daniel Barker, Stephen Eckel, Nikolai Klimov, Constantinos Makrides, Eite Tiesinga
The National Institute of Standards and Technology has recently begun a program to develop a primary pressure standard that is based on ultra-cold atoms, covering a pressure range of 1 × 10-6 Pa to 1 × 10-10 Pa and possibly lower. These pressures

Chapter 4. On-wafer measurements of RF nanoelectronic devices

September 15, 2017
Author(s)
Thomas M. Wallis, Pavel Kabos
The preceding chapters have introduced the core concepts and techniques of microwave measurements, in general, and techniques for microwave measurements of extreme impedance devices, in particular. Here, we narrow the focus further to on-wafer, microwave

Morphological characterization of fullerene and fullerene-free organic photovoltaics by combined real and reciprocal space techniques

May 26, 2017
Author(s)
Donglin Zhao, Qinghe Wu, Luping Yu, Harald Ade, Dean DeLongchamp, Lee J. Richter, Subhrangsu Mukherjee, Andrew Herzing
Morphology can play a critical role in determining function in organic photovoltaic (OPV) systems. Recently molecular acceptors have showed promise to replace¬ fullerene derivatives as acceptor materials in bulk heterojunction solar cells and have achieved

Arbitrarily fast quantum computation with bounded energy

March 6, 2017
Author(s)
Stephen P. Jordan
One version of the energy-time uncertainty principle states that the minimum time for a quantum system to evolve from a given state to any orthogonal state is h/(4 Δ E) where Δ E is the energy uncertainty. Many subsequent works have interpreted this as

Model for Adhesion-Based Energy Dissipation During Friction

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Michael Nosonovsky, Stephen M. Hsu
Adhesion plays a significant role in Nanoscale interfacial friction for basically non-adhesive surfaces (no chemical bonding). The adhesion forces are composed of van der Waals forces and the contact force from surface contact. The van der Waals forces are

Trapped-ion optical atomic clocks at the quantum limits

January 31, 2017
Author(s)
David R. Leibrandt, Samuel M. Brewer, Jwo-Sy Chen, Aaron M. Hankin, David B. Hume, David J. Wineland, Chin-Wen Chou
Frequency and its inverse, time, are the most accurately measured quantities. Historically, improvements in the accuracy of clocks have enabled advances in navigation, communication, and science. Since 1967, the definition of the SI second has been based

Cycle Basis Markov Chains for the Ising Model

January 1, 2017
Author(s)
Noah S. Streib, Amanda A. Streib
The ferromagnetic Ising model with zero applied field reduces to sampling even subgraphs X of a graph G with probability proportional to $\lambda^|E(X)|}$, for $\lambda \in [0,1]$. In this paper, we present a class of Markov chains for sampling subgraphs

Spatially resolved ferroelectric domain-switching-controlled magnetism in Co 40 Fe 40 B 20 /Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.7 Ti 0.3 O 3 multiferroic heterostructure

December 27, 2016
Author(s)
Peisen Li, Yonggang Zhao, Sen Zhang, Aitian Chen, Dalai Li, Jing Ma, Yan Liu, Daniel T. Pierce, John Unguris, Hongguang Piao, Huiyun Zhang, Meihong Zhu, Xiaozhong Zhang, Xiufeng Han, Mengchun Pan, Ce-Wen Nan
Intrinsic spatial inhomogeneity or phase separation in cuprates and manganites etc., related to electronic and/or magnetic properties, has attracted much attention due to its significance in fundamental physics and applications. Here we use scanning Kerr

Recent Advancements of Wide-Angle Polarization Analysis with 3 He neutron Spin Filters

October 10, 2016
Author(s)
WangChun Chen, Thomas R. Gentile, Qiang NMN Ye, A. Kirchhoff, Shannon Watson, Jose A. Rodriguez, Yiming Qiu, Collin L. Broholm
Wide-angle polarization analysis with polarized 3He based neutron spin filters (NSFs) has recently been employed on the Multi-Axis Crystal Spectrometer (MACS) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research (NCNR). Over

Time in Cyber-Physical Systems

October 2, 2016
Author(s)
Marc A. Weiss, YaShian Li-Baboud, Aviral Shrivastava, Mohammad Khayatian, Patricia Derlery, Hugo A. Andrade, Sundeep Chandhoke, Kevin Stanton, John Eidson
Many modern CPS, especially industrial automation systems, require the actions of multiple computational systems to be synchronized at much higher rates than is possible through ad hoc designs. Fundamental research is needed in synchronizing clocks of

Three-Dimensional Protonic Conductivity in Porous Organic Cage Solids

September 13, 2016
Author(s)
Ming Liu, Linjiang Chen, Scott Lewis, Samantha Y. Chong, Marc A. Little, Tom Hasell, Iain M. Aldous, Craig Brown, Martin W. Smith, Carole A. Morrison, Laurence J. Hardwick, Andrew I. Cooper
Proton conduction is a fundamental process in biology and in devices such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells. To maximize proton conduction, 3-D conduction pathways are preferred over 1-D pathways, which prevent proton conduction in two-dimensions

Intensity Ratio of Resonant Raman Modes for (n,m) Enriched Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes

April 29, 2016
Author(s)
Yanmei Piao, Jeffrey R. Simpson, Jason K. Streit, Geyou Ao, Ming Zheng, Angela R. Hight Walker
Relative intensities of resonant Raman spectral features, specifically the radial breathing mode (RBM) and G modes, of eleven chirality-enriched single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) species were established under second-order optical transition excitation

Current Standards Landscape for Smart Manufacturing Systems

February 23, 2016
Author(s)
Yan Lu, Katherine C. Morris, Simon P. Frechette
The future of manufacturing lies in being able to optimize the use of resources to produce high quality product and adapt quickly to changing conditions. From smaller lot sizes, to more customization, to sudden changes in supply chain; the variability that

Metrological challenges for measurements of key climatological observables, Part 4: Atmospheric relative humidity

December 15, 2015
Author(s)
Allan H. Harvey, J W. Lovell-Smith, Rainer Feistel, Olaf Hellmuth, Stephanie A. Bell, M Heinonen, J R. Cooper
Water in its three ambient phases plays the central thermodynamic role in the terrestrial climate system. Clouds control Earth’s radiation balance, atmospheric water vapour is the strongest “greenhouse” gas, and non-equilibrium relative humidity at the air

NIST Big Data Interoperability Framework: Volume 4, Security and Privacy

October 22, 2015
Author(s)
Wo L. Chang, Arnab Roy, Mark Underwood, NBD-PWG NIST Big Data Public Working Group
Big Data is a term used to describe the large amount of data in the networked, digitized, sensor-laden, information-driven world. While opportunities exist with Big Data, the data can overwhelm traditional technical approaches and the growth of data is

Direct Observation of Critical Adsorption on Colloidal Particles

August 25, 2015
Author(s)
Christopher E Bertrand, P. D. Godfrin, Yun Liu
Despite the fundamental role adsorbed solvent layers play in generating critical Casimir forces between colloidal particles, the structure of these layers has yet to be directly determined. Using small-angle neutron scattering ,we have measured critical

One-dimensional frequency-based spectroscopy

May 22, 2015
Author(s)
Joseph T. Hodges, A. Cygan, P. Wcislo, S. Wojtewicz, Piotr Maslowski, R. Ciurylo, D Lisak
Recent developments in optical metrology have tremendously improved the precision and accuracy of the horizontal (frequency) axis in measured spectra. However, the vertical (typically absorbance) axis is usually based on intensity measurements that are

Absolute line intensities for oxirane in the 11.4 micron spectral region.

December 15, 2014
Author(s)
Walter J. Lafferty, Jean-Marie Flaud, Fridolin Kwabia
Absolute individual line intensities of numerous transitions of the fundamental ν15, ν12 and ν5 bands of oxirane (ethylene oxide, cyc-C2H4O) have been measured in the 790-940 cm-1 region using seven high-resolution Fourier transform spectra recorded at 0

Mid-Infrared Time-Resolved Frequency Comb Spectroscopy of Transient Free Radicals

June 10, 2014
Author(s)
Adam J. Fleisher, Bryce Bjork, Thinh Q. Bui, Kevin C. Cossel, Mitchio Okumura, Jun Ye
Quantitative measurements in chemical kinetics require unambiguous determinations of reactant, intermediate, and product concentrations on time scales faster than the reaction rate. Direct absorption spectroscopy in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) can fulfill

Optimizing Hybrid Metrology through a Consistent Multi-Tool Parameter Set and Uncertainty Model

April 14, 2014
Author(s)
Richard M. Silver, Bryan Barnes, Nien F. Zhang, Hui Zhou, Andras Vladar, John S. Villarrubia, Regis J. Kline, Daniel Sunday, Alok Vaid
There has been significant interest in hybrid metrology as a novel method for reducing overall measurement uncertainty and optimizing measurement throughput (speed) through rigorous combinations of two or more different measurement techniques into a single
Displaying 2101 - 2125 of 2934
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