May 6, 2013
      
                  
        
  Author(s)
  Samuel L. Manzello,   Sayaka  Suzuki,   Yoshihiko  Hayashi
 
       
            
    
    
        Firebrands are a critical mechanism of fire spread in large outdoor fires, such as urban fires in Japan and WUI fires in Australia, Southern Europe, and the USA. Firebrands have been studied for some time however there are few studies on generation of