U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 20901 - 20925 of 73960

Measuring the UV Action Spectra of Pathogens and Surrogates

September 22, 2013
Author(s)
Karl G. Linden, Harold B. Wright, Sara E. Beck, Thomas M. Hargy, Thomas C. Larason, Randi M. McCuin
The use of bioassays to determine reduction equivalent doses delivered by UV reactors is recognized as an effective measure of UV disinfection systems. Low pressure (LP) UV delivered in controlled collimated beam systems provides dose response curves which

Using a Tunable Ultraviolet Laser for the Inactivation of Water Pathogens

September 22, 2013
Author(s)
Thomas C. Larason, Keith R. Lykke, Ping-Shine Shaw, Lin Chungsan
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation effectively inactivates common pathogens found in ground and surface waters such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and most bacterial pathogens (e.g. E. coli). Water treatment facilities are now using UV radiation for disinfection of

Aggregating Vulnerability Metrics in Enterprise Networks using Attack Graphs

September 20, 2013
Author(s)
John Homer, Su Zhang, Xinming Ou, David Schmidt, Yanhui Du, S. Raj Rajagopalan, Anoop Singhal
Quantifying security risk is an important and yet difficult task in enterprise network security man- agement. While metrics exist for individual software vulnerabilities, there is currently no standard way of aggregating such metrics. We present a model

A novel apparatus to measure reflected sunlight from the Moon

September 19, 2013
Author(s)
Claire E. Cramer, Gerald T. Fraser, Keith R. Lykke, John T. Woodward IV, Alan W. Smith
We describe a new apparatus for measuring the spectral irradiance of the Moon at visible wavelengths. Our effort builds upon the United States Geological Survey’s highly successful Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO), which determined a precise model for the

Applying the Hedonic Method

September 18, 2013
Author(s)
Stanley W. Gilbert
Often, advances in measurement science will enable the development of new product innovations. When trying to estimate the value of the benefits of an advance in measurement science, it can be difficult to estimate the value of those new product

Cryptographic Key Management Issues & Challenges in Cloud Services

September 18, 2013
Author(s)
Ramaswamy Chandramouli, Michaela Iorga, Santosh Chokhani
To interact with various services in the cloud and to store the data generated/processed by those services, several security capabilities are required. Based on a core set of features in the three common cloud services - Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Exploratory Study of Airflow from SCBA Exposed to Elevated Temperatures

September 18, 2013
Author(s)
Michelle K. Donnelly, Daniel M. Madrzykowski, Anthony D. Putorti Jr.
This exploratory set of experiments investigated the impact of external exposure temperatures on Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) supply air, and the potential for the supply air to be heated when it is subjected to an elevated temperature

High quantum-efficiency photon-number-resolving detector for photonic on-chip information processing

September 18, 2013
Author(s)
Brice R. Calkins, Paolo L. Mennea, Adriana E. Lita, Benjamin Metcalf, Steven Kolthammer, Antia A. Lamas-Linares, Justin Spring, Peter C. Humphreys, Richard P. Mirin, James Gates, Peter Smith, Ian Walmsley, Thomas Gerrits, Sae Woo Nam
The integrated optical circuit is a promising architecture for the realization of complex quantum optical states and information networks. One element that is required for many of these applications is a high-efficiency photon detector capable of photon

Magnetically generated spin-orbit coupling for ultracold atoms

September 18, 2013
Author(s)
Brandon M. Anderson, Ian B. Spielman, Gediminas Juzeliunas
We present a new technique for producing two and three dimensional Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling for ultra cold atoms without involving light. The method relies on a sequence of pulsed inhomogeneous magnetic fields imprinting suitable phase gradients on

On integer solutions of x^4+y^4-2z^4-2w^4=0

September 18, 2013
Author(s)
Dustin Moody, Arman S. Zargar
In this article, we study the quartic Diophantine equation x^4+y^4-2z^4-2w^4=0. We find non-trivial integer solutions. Furthermore, we show that when a solution has been found, a series of other solutions can be derived. We do so using two different

Related-Key Slide Attacks on Block Ciphers with Secret Components

September 18, 2013
Author(s)
Meltem Sonmez Turan
Lightweight cryptography aims to provide sufficient security with low area/power/energy requirements for constrained devices. In this paper, we focus on the lightweight encryption algorithm specified and approved in NRS 009-6-7:2002 by Electricity

Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Deployment Guide

September 18, 2013
Author(s)
Ramaswamy Chandramouli, Scott W. Rose
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed computing system that enables access to Internet resources by user-friendly domain names rather than IP addresses, by translating domain names to IP addresses and back. The DNS infrastructure is made up of

Porosity and Its Measurement

September 17, 2013
Author(s)
Laura Espinal
Numerous approaches have been applied for measuring the porosity of materials. The most common techniques are based on gas sorption, liquid intrusion, microscopy, and X-ray and neutron scattering. Each technique provides a characteristic value of porosity

Spectral response of an upconversion detector and spectrometer

September 17, 2013
Author(s)
Paulina S. Kuo, Oliver T. Slattery, Yong-Su Kim, Jason S. Pelc, M. M. Fejer, Xiao Tang
We theoretically and experimentally investigate the spectral response of an upconversion detector and discuss implications for its use as an infrared spectrometer. Upconversion detection is based on high-conversion-efficiency sum-frequency generation (SFG)
Displaying 20901 - 20925 of 73960
Was this page helpful?