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Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 29726 - 29750 of 74070

Reducing Thermal and Autogenous Shrinkage Contributions to Early-Age Cracking

August 7, 2008
Author(s)
Dale P. Bentz, Max A. Peltz
Early-age cracking continues to be a significant problem for new concrete construction. Two of the major contributors to such cracking are the heat released by cement hydration during the first few days of curing and the autogenous shrinkage that often

Why the long-term charge offset drift in Si single-electron tunneling transistors is much smaller (better) than in metal-based ones: Two-level fluctuator stability

August 7, 2008
Author(s)
Neil M. Zimmerman, W H. Huber, Brian J. Simonds, Emmanouel S. Hourdakis, Fujiwara Fujiwara, Yukinori Ono, Yasuo Takahashi, Hiroshi Inokawa, Miha Furlan, Mark W. Keller
A common observation in metal-based (specifically, those with AlOx tunnel junctions) single- electron tunneling (SET) devices is a time-dependent instability known as the long-term charge offset drift. This drift is not seen in Si-based devices. Our aim is

Capillary flow meter for calibrating spinning rotor gauges

August 6, 2008
Author(s)
Robert F. Berg
This article describes a capillary flow meter whose maximum flow rate of 0.2 micromol/s (~0.2 cm3/min at ambient conditions) covers the range that is useful for calibrating spinning rotor gauges. Knowing the input pressure, output pressure, and temperature

Cellulose Nanocrystals the Next Big Nano-thing?

August 6, 2008
Author(s)
Michael T. Postek, Andras Vladar, John A. Dagata, Natalia Farkas, Bin Ming, Ronald Sabo, Theodore H. Wegner
Biomass surrounds us from the smallest alga to the largest redwood tree. Even the largest trees owe their strength to a newly-appreciated class of nanomaterials known as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). Cellulose, the world s most abundant natural, renewable

Metrology at the Nanoscale: What are the Grand Challenges?

August 6, 2008
Author(s)
Kevin W. Lyons, Michael T. Postek
Nanometrology provides the means to measure and characterize nanometer scale process and product performance and covers an expanse of topics including instrumentation, measurement methods (off-line and in-process applications), and standards. To meet the

Systematic oxidation of polystyrene by ultraviolet-ozone,characterized by near edge x-ray absorption fine structure and contact angle

August 5, 2008
Author(s)
Daniel A. Fischer, Robert Klein, Joseph~undefined~undefined~undefined~undefined~undefined Lenhart
The process of implanting oxygen in polystyrene (PS) via exposure to ultraviolet-ozone (UV-O) was systematically investigated using the characterization technique of near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). Samples of PS exposed to UV-O for 10s

Evidence-Based, Good Enough, and Open

August 4, 2008
Author(s)
Karen A. Scarfone
One of the holy grail questions in computer security is how secure are my organization systems? This paper describes our new approach to answering this question. This approach is distinguished from previous efforts in three ways: 1) uses evidence-based

Surface-plasmon-enhanced electric fields in two-dimensional arrays of gold nanodisks

August 4, 2008
Author(s)
Ward L. Johnson, Sudook A. Kim, Zhandos Utegulov, B. T. Draine
Electric-field distributions in two-dimensional arrays of gold nanodisks on Si3N4 membranes are modeled, using the discrete-dipole approximation, as a function of nanodisk diameter (20 − 50 nm), height (10 − 100 nm), ratio of the array spacing to diameter

Synchronization monitoring of I/Q data and pulse carving misalignment for a serial-type 80-Gb/s RZ-DQPSK transmitter through optical/RF clock tone measurement

August 4, 2008
Author(s)
Jeffrey A. Jargon, Xiaoxia Wu, Louis Christen, Scott Nuccio, Omer F. Yilmaz, Loukas Paraschis, Yannick K. Lize, Alan Willner
We experimentally demonstrate a monitoring technique for determining misalignment between the in-phase/ quadrature (I/Q) data streams and between the data and pulse carving in an 80 Gb/s serial-type return-to-zero differential quadrature phase-shift-keying

Diffusive and convective mass transfer in two-phase flow in microchannels

August 3, 2008
Author(s)
Steven D. Hudson, Jai A. Pathak, Jeffrey D. Martin
The kinetics of mass transfer from one phase to another is monitored in flow. The time-dependent interfacial tension between water and oil (determined from drop deformation dynamics in situ) serves as a measure of the butanol concentration within the drop

A Collection of Homes to Represent the U.S. Housing Stock

August 1, 2008
Author(s)
Andrew K. Persily, Amy Musser, Dennis D. Leber
In order to allow nationwide analysis of ventilation and indoor air quality issues in residential buildings, a set of homes has been defined to represent the housing stock of the United States. This collection of dwellings is based on two residential

Architectural Considerations for Mapping Distribution Protocols

August 1, 2008
Author(s)
Kotikalapudi Sriram, Young-Tak Kim, Douglas C. Montgomery
In this paper, we present a discussion of some architectural ideas pertaining to the mapping distribution protocol. The efficiency of this protocol in terms of response time and the volume of traffic load it generates are important considerations. We

Attenuation of Radio Wave Signals Coupled Into Twelve Large Building Structures

August 1, 2008
Author(s)
Christopher L. Holloway, William F. Young, Galen H. Koepke, Catherine A. Remley, Dennis G. Camell, Yann Becquet
In this report, we investigate radio communication problems faced by emergency responders (firefighters, police and emergency medical personnel) in disaster situations. A fundamental challenge to communications into and out of large buildings is the strong

CTOA Results for X65 and X100 Pipeline Steels:Influence of Displacement Rate

August 1, 2008
Author(s)
Roni Reuven, Christopher N. McCowan, Elizabeth S. Drexler, Avigdor Shtechman, Philippe P. Darcis, John M. Treinen, R. Smith, J. Merritt, Thomas A. Siewert, Joseph D. McColskey
The toughness and plasticity of steel generally decreases with increasing testing rate. The crack tip opening angle (CTOA) was measured on two types of commercial pipeline steels, API-X65 and API-X100 at a range of displacement rates to characterize rate

Design and Performance of the new NIST Hybrid Humidity Generator

August 1, 2008
Author(s)
Christopher W. Meyer, W Wyatt Miller, Dean C. Ripple, Gregory E. Scace
A new humidity generator has been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Once fully operational, the NIST Hybrid Humidity Generator (HHG) will replace the Two-Pressure (2-P) Humidity Generator Mark II as the NIST primary

Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of High-Performance Silicon Nanowire Transistors

August 1, 2008
Author(s)
Qiliang Li, Xiaoxiao Zhu, Yang Yang, D. E. Ioannou, Hao Xiong, John S. Suehle, Curt A. Richter
We report the fabrication and characterization of double-gated Si nanowire field effect transistors with excellent current-voltage characteristics, low subthreshold slope 85 mV/dec and high on/off current ratio 10^6. The Si nanowire devices are fabricated
Displaying 29726 - 29750 of 74070