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Physics

Condensed matter

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Displaying 1076 - 1100 of 1253

Electric field control of the magnetic state in Bi Fe O3 single crystals

May 12, 2008
Author(s)
Seoungsu Lee, William D. Ratcliff, S.-W. Cheong, V. Kiryukhin
Single crystals of multiferroic BiFeO 3 were investigated using neutron scattering. Application of an electric field reversibly switches ferroelastic domains, inducing changes in the magnetic structure which follows rotation of the structural domains. In

Shear Thinning Near the Critical Point of Xenon

April 17, 2008
Author(s)
Robert F. Berg, Michael R. Moldover, M Yao, G A. Zimmerli
We measured shear thinning, a viscosity decrease ordinarily associated with complex liquids, near the critical point of xenon. The data span the range of reduced shear rates: 0.001 < γτ < 700, where γτ is the shear rate scaled by the relaxation time τ of

Residual Multiparticle Entropy Does Not Generally Change Sign Near Freezing

April 13, 2008
Author(s)
William P. Krekelberg, Vincent K. Shen, Jeffrey R. Errington, Thomas M. Truskett
The residual multiparticle entropy (RMPE) of two- and three-dimensional fluids changes sign near the freezing line, providing a quasi-universal one-phase rule for the location of the liquid-solid transition. We present new simulation results ford

Operation of an X-ray transition-edge sensor cooled by tunnel junction refrigerators

January 19, 2008
Author(s)
Nathan A. Tomlin, James A. Beall, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, Galen O'Neil, Dan Schmidt, Leila R. Vale, Joel Ullom
We demonstrate successful cooling of an X-ray transition-edge sensor (TES) using solid-state refrigerators based on normal-metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions. Above the TES transition temperature (Tc), we use Johnson noise thermometry to

Cosputtered Amorphous Nb_xSi_1-x Barriers for Josephson-Junction Circuits

December 1, 2006
Author(s)
Burm Baek, Paul D. Dresselhaus, Samuel P. Benz
Cosputtered Amorphous NbxSi1-x has been developed as a barrier material for Josephson junction array circuits. This material is not only promising as a normal-metal barrier for state-of-the-art Josephson voltage standard circuits, but the capability of

Scanning Tunneling Microscope - Web Page

November 1, 2006
Author(s)
Marilyn E. Jacox, John William Gadzuk
The scanning tunneling microscope [STM] is widely used in both industrial and fundamental research to obtain atomic-scale images of metal surfaces. It provides a three-dimensional profile of the surface which is very useful for characterizing surface

Thermally Assisted Atom Transfer on Surfaces

February 1, 2006
Author(s)
John William Gadzuk
The low-temperature rates for site-to-site transfer of single atoms and molecules adsorbed on surfaces have been determined in recent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies within the temperature regime where the dominant transfer mechanism changes

Molecular simulation of the diffusivity of NaOH in steam

June 1, 2005
Author(s)
Allan H. Harvey, Raymond D. Mountain
Molecular dynamics simulation is used to calculate the infinite-dilution diffusivity of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in steam at conditions of temperature and density typical of steam turbines. These data are needed in order to better understand deposition

Structure of Polystyrene at the Interface With Various Liquids

September 4, 2004
Author(s)
Clayton S. Yang, P T. Wilson, Lee J. Richter
Vibrationally resonant sum frequency generation (VR-SFG) is used to determine the structure of the phenyl side groups of deuterated polystyrene at the liquid/solid interface for the nonsolvent liquids: hexane, methanol, ethanol, glycerol, and water. The

Dipole Moment of a Pb-O Vacancy Pair in PbTiO 3

April 1, 2004
Author(s)
Eric J. Cockayne, Benjamin P. Burton
The polarization of a nearest-neighbor (nn) Pb-O vacancy pair in PbTiO3 is calculated, using the modern theory of polarization, implemented in the density functional theory ultrasoft pseudopotential formalism. The dipole moment per divacancy is about 2.228

Temperature-Dependent Behavior of PbSc 1/2 Nb 1/2 O 3 From First Principles

July 1, 2001
Author(s)
Eric J. Cockayne, Benjamin P. Burton, L Bellaiche
We study the ferroelectric phase transition in PbSc1/2Nb1/2O3 (PSN) using a first-principles effective Hamiltonian approach. Results for PSN with NaCl-type ordering of Sc and Nb on the B sites shows that a Pb-centered effective Hamiltonian is appropriate

Interpretation of Resonant Photoemission Spectra of Solid Actinide Systems

June 15, 2001
Author(s)
S Molodtsov, S Halilov, M Richter, A Zangwill, C Laubschat
It is shown that angle-resolved valence-band photoemission (PE) spectra of epitaxial close-packed films of U metal may correctly be described within a one-step model of PE based on a band description of the U 5f states. It is found that a cross-section

Cooper Minima in the Photoemission Spectra of Solids

November 6, 2000
Author(s)
S Molodtsov, S Halilov, V Servedio, W Schneider, S Danzenbaecher, J Hinarejos, M Richter, C Laubschat
Variations of the photoionization cross-section of valence states as a function of interatomic distance are studied by means of atomic and solid-state density functional approaches and compared with photoemission data. In contrast to the free atom case, a

Vibrationally-Resolved Sum-Frequency Generation With Broad Bandwidth Infrared Pulses

October 15, 1998
Author(s)
Lee J. Richter, T Petralli-Mallow, John C. Stephenson
We present a novel procedure for vibrationally-resolved sum-frequency generation (SFG) in which a broad-bandwidth IR pulse is mixed with a narrow-bandwidth visible pulse. The resultant SFG spectrum is dispersed with a spectrograph and detected in parallel

Generalized Slater-Koster Method for Fitting Band Structures

January 1, 1997
Author(s)
Mark D. Stiles
A tight-binding procedure is presented for fitting electronic band structures of crystals. It is based on a fully automated method of determining all possible independent matrix elements for arbitrary crystal structures. A fit, using this method, for the

Total-dielectric-function Approach to Electron and Phonon Response in Solids

January 1, 1995
Author(s)
David R. Penn, S Lewis, Marvin Cohen
The interaction between two test charges, the response of a solid to an external field, and the normal modes of the solid can be determined from a total dielectric function that includes both electronic and lattice polarizabilities as well as local-field
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