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Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM), a technique derived from Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), provides nanometer-scale spatial resolution for mapping surface potential or work function differences across material systems. It serves as a powerful tool for
Ngoc Thanh Mai Tran, Marta Musso, Dominick Scaletta, Wei-Chen Lin, Valery Ortiz Jimenez, Dean Jarrett, Massimo Ortolano, Curt Richter, Chi-Te Liang, David Newell, Albert Rigosi
Linsey Rodenbach, Jason Underwood, Ngoc Thanh Mai Tran, Alireza Panna, Molly Andersen, Zachary Barcikowski, Shamith Payagala, Peng Zhang, Lixuan Tai, Kang Wang, Dean Jarrett, Randolph Elmquist, David Newell, Albert Rigosi, David Goldhaber-Gordon
Dean Jarrett, Albert Rigosi, Yanfei Yang, Alireza Panna, David Newell, Ngoc Thanh Mai Tran, Wei-Chen Lin, Marta Musso, Cheng-Hsueh Yang, Chi-Te Liang, Massimo Ortolano, Randolph Elmquist
A 1 GΩ star-mesh quantized Hall array resistance standard (QHARS) made of thirty-seven quantum Hall effect (QHE) elements was fabricated and tested. The 1 GΩ QHARS has three orders of magnitude fewer QHE elements than a largely series 1 GΩ QHARS, which
Kenzington Kottenbrock, Sierra Reis, Gunjan Agarwal, Samuel Oberdick
Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) was used to characterize micropatterned clusters of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Top-down lithography was used to create SPION aggregates with well-defined geometries. The micron-scale aggregates
Oluwagbemiga Ojo, Wilarachchige D. C. B. Gunatilleke, Winnie Wong-Ng, Tieyan Chang, Yu-Sheng Chen, Joshua Martin, Adam Biacchi, George Nolas
The 18R polytype of SnSe2 possesses unique structural features that can directly impact the transport properties and potential applications of interest; however, a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic physical properties is lacking. We grew large
Florian Bergmann, Meagan Papac, Benjamin Jamroz, Nicholas Jungwirth, Bryan Bosworth, Anna Osella, Tomasz Karpisz, Lucas Enright, Eric Marksz, Angela Stelson, Christian Long, Nathan Orloff, Robert Jones
Modern microchips utilize multilayer stack-ups with many interstitial layers of dielectrics. Optimizing device performance and maximizing yield requires precise measurements of the out-of-plane permittivity of these dielectric layers. At the same time
Matthew Spidell, Malcolm White, Alan Jaffe, John Lehman, Gaylon Partain
DC voltage references are typically based on calibrated Zener Diodes which are subject to drift and therefore require periodic recalibration against a Primary Standard. Since it is preferable to maintain constant power to such references, the shipping and
Stephan Schlamminger, Andrew Koffman, Yicheng Wang
We recently overhauled the calibration service for the frequency dependence of four-terminal pair air capacitors provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to its customers. In the past, the calibration was performed with a dual-channel
Robotic antenna ranges are highly configurable, but traditional pose selection methods do not utilize the collaborative capability presented by these positioners. We present methods to reduce measurement time during planar scanning on robotic antenna
Alain Rufenacht, Anna Fox, Raegan Johnson, Benjamin Scheck, Paul Dresselhaus, Samuel Benz
This article presents a 2-V programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) with dual microwave frequency inputs and multiple output taps. The design provides three main features: 1) output voltages with nanovolt resolution; 2) the ability to perform a
Raegan Johnson, Jesus Mejia, Alain Rufenacht, Anna Fox, Nathan Flowers-Jacobs, Frederic Overney, Paul Dresselhaus, Samuel Benz
The voltage errors related to ac leakage currents in Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer (JAWS) systems are significant contributors to the overall system accuracy. These ac leakage currents flow through paths (typically to ground) that are not part
Jacob Pawlik, Tomasz Karpisz, Yasaman Kazemipour, Nicholas Derimow, Sarah Evans, Bryan Bosworth, Christian Long, Nathan Orloff, James Booth, Angela Stelson
We demonstrate a glass microwave microfluidic device for determining the permittivity of a wide range of liquid chemicals from 100 MHz to 10 GHz with relatively low uncertainty. Conventional microwave microfluidic devices use polymer-based microfluidic
We present on a novel gain extrapolation antenna range, the Compact Homodyne Extrapolation System (CHEXS), that can achieve absolute antenna gain measurements with uncertainties of 0.1 dB or better with as few at 10 data points and is significantly more
In this paper we describe an enhanced three-antenna gain extrapolation technique that allows one to determine antenna gain with significantly fewer data points and at closer distances than with the well-established traditional three-antenna gain
Jeremy Thomas, Nathan Flowers-Jacobs, Anna Fox, Akim Babenko, Samuel Benz, Paul Dresselhaus
We report on the design, fabrication, and measurement of a Very High Frequency band Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer (VHF-JAWS) at frequencies up to 50.05 MHz. The VHF-JAWS chip is composed of a series array of 12810 Josephson junctions (JJs)
Dean G. Jarrett, Albert Rigosi, Dominick Scaletta, Ngoc Thanh Mai Tran, Heather Hill, Alireza Panna, Cheng Hsueh Yang, Yanfei Yang, Randolph Elmquist, David B. Newell
We present a study of power spectral density (PSD) estimation from data sampled in the time domain. This work was motivated by our recent development of digital radiometry, where radiation spectra were obtained by processing the digitally sampled signal
S Norimoto, P See, N Schoinas, I Rungger, Tommy Boykin, Michael Stewart, J. P. Griffiths, C. Chen, D. A. Ritchie, M. Kataoka
Increasing electric current from a single-electron source is a main challenge in an effort to establish the standard of the ampere defined by the fixed value of the elementary charge e and operation frequency f . While the current scales with f , due to an
Cole Gray, Aaron Hagerstrom, Zenn Roberts, Christian Long
Abstract—As a National Metrology Institute (NMI), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) maintains traceable measurement capabilities for a variety of quantities, including microwave power. At NMIs and calibration laboratories, traceable
Ngoc Thanh Mai Tran, Linsey Rodenbach, Jason Underwood, Alireza Panna, Zachary Barcikowski, Molly Andersen, Peng Zhang, Lixuan Tai, Kang Wang, Rand Elmquist, Dean G. Jarrett, David B. Newell, David Goldhaber-Gordon, Albert Rigosi
Alain Rufenacht, Raegan Johnson, Anna Fox, Nathan Flowers-Jacobs, Charlie Burroughs, Samuel Benz, Paul Dresselhaus, STEPHANE SOLVE, Jesus Mejia
This paper describes differential sampling measurements of an ac source and a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer (JAWS). A new iterative approach for aligning the phases of the JAWS and the source waveforms was implemented to minimize the