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Information Technology / Cybersecurity and privacy

Cryptography

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Displaying 51 - 75 of 132

NIST Roadmap Toward Criteria for Threshold Schemes for Cryptographic Primitives

July 7, 2020
Author(s)
Luis Brandao, Michael S. Davidson, Apostol T. Vassilev
This document constitutes a preparation toward devising criteria for the standardization of threshold schemes for cryptographic primitives by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The large diversity of possible threshold schemes, as

Guide to IPsec VPNs

June 30, 2020
Author(s)
Elaine B. Barker, Quynh H. Dang, Sheila E. Frankel, Karen Scarfone, Paul Wouters
Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a widely used network layer security control for protecting communications. IPsec is a framework of open standards for ensuring private communications over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. IPsec configuration is

The Impossibility of Efficient Quantum Weak Coin-Flipping

June 22, 2020
Author(s)
Carl A. Miller
How can two parties with competing interests carry out a fair coin flip, using only a noiseless quantum channel? This problem (quantum weak coin-flipping) was formalized more than 15 years ago, and, despite some phenomenal theoretical progress, practical

Securing Web Transactions TLS Server Certificate Management

June 16, 2020
Author(s)
Murugiah P. Souppaya, William A. Haag Jr., Mehwish Akram, William C. Barker, Rob Clatterbuck, Brandon Everhart, Brian Johnson, Alexandros Kapasouris, Dung Lam, Brett Pleasant, Mary Raguso, Susan Symington, Paul Turner, Clint Wilson, Donna F. Dodson
Transport Layer Security (TLS) server certificates are critical to the security of both internet- facing and private web services. Despite the critical importance of these certificates, many organizations lack a formal TLS certificate management program

Rainbow Band Separation is Better than we Thought

June 10, 2020
Author(s)
Daniel Smith-Tone, Ray Perlner
Currently the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is engaged in a post- quantum standardization effort, analyzing numerous candidate schemes to provide security against the advancing threat of quantum computers. Among the candidates in

Recommendation for Cryptographic Key Generation

June 4, 2020
Author(s)
Elaine B. Barker, Allen L. Roginsky, Richard Davis
Cryptography is often used in an information technology security environment to protect data that is sensitive, has a high value, or is vulnerable to unauthorized disclosure or undetected modification during transmission or while in storage. Cryptography

Notes on Interrogating Random Quantum Circuits

May 29, 2020
Author(s)
Luis Brandao, Rene C. Peralta
Consider a quantum circuit that, when fed a constant input, produces a fixed-length random bit- string in each execution. Executing it many times yields a sample of many bit-strings that contain fresh randomness inherent to the quantum evaluation. When the

Recommendation for Key Management: Part 1 - General

May 4, 2020
Author(s)
Elaine B. Barker
This Recommendation provides cryptographic key-management guidance. It consists of three parts. Part 1 (this document) provides general guidance and best practices for the management of cryptographic keying material, including definitions of the security

Combinatorial Rank Attacks Against the Rectangular Simple Matrix Encryption Scheme

April 10, 2020
Author(s)
Dustin Moody, Ray A. Perlner, Daniel C. Smith-Tone, Daniel C. Apon, Javier Verbel
In 2013, Tao et al. introduced the ABC Simple Matrix Scheme for Encryption, a multivariate public key encryption scheme. The scheme boasts great efficiency in encryption and decryption, though it suffers from very large public keys. It was quickly noted

Parallel Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution

April 9, 2020
Author(s)
Rahul Jain, Carl Miller, Yaoyun Shi
A prominent application of quantum cryptography is the distribution of cryptographic keys that are provably secure. Such security proofs were extended by Vazirani and Vidick (Physical Review Letters, 113, 140501, 2014) to the device-independent (DI)

Extending NIST's CAVP Testing of Cryptographic Hash Function Implementations

February 14, 2020
Author(s)
Nicky W. Mouha, Christopher T. Celi
This paper describes a vulnerability in Apple's CoreCrypto library, which affects 11 out of the 12 implemented hash functions: every implemented hash function except MD2 (Message Digest 2), as well as several higher-level operations such as the Hash-based

TMPS: Ticket-Mediated Password Strengthening

February 14, 2020
Author(s)
John M. Kelsey, Dana Dachman-Soled, Meltem Sonmez Turan, Sweta Mishra
We introduce the notion of Ticket-Mediated Password Strengthening (TMPS), a technique for allowing users to derive keys from passwords while imposing a strict limit on the number of guesses of their password any attacker can make, and strongly protecting

A Nonlinear Multivariate Cryptosystem Based on a Random Linear Code

November 24, 2019
Author(s)
Daniel C. Smith-Tone, Cristina Tone
We introduce a new technique for building multivariate encryption schemes based on random linear codes. The construction is versatile, naturally admitting multiple modifications. Among these modifications is an interesting embedding modifier -- any

Searching for best Karatsuba recurrences

September 1, 2019
Author(s)
Cagdas Calik, Morris Dworkin, Nathan Dykas, Rene Peralta
Efficient circuits for multiplication of binary polynomials use what are known as Karatsuba recurrences. These methods divide the polynomials of size kn into k pieces of size n. Multiplication is performed by treating the factors as degree-(k-1)

Recommendation for Cryptographic Key Generation

July 23, 2019
Author(s)
Elaine B. Barker, Allen L. Roginsky
Cryptography is often used in an information technology security environment to protect data that is sensitive, has a high value, or is vulnerable to unauthorized disclosure or undetected modification during transmission or while in storage. Cryptography

Practical Cryptanalysis of k-ary C*

July 18, 2019
Author(s)
Daniel C. Smith-Tone
Recently, an article by Felke appeared in Cryptography and Communications discussing the security of biquadratic $C^*$ and a further generalization, k-ary $C^*$. The article derives lower bounds for the complexity of an algebraic attack, directly inverting

Constant-Round Group Key Exchange from the Ring-LWE Assumption

July 14, 2019
Author(s)
Daniel C. Apon, Dana Dachman-Soled, Huijing Gong, Jonathan Katz
Group key-exchange protocols allow a set of N parties to agree on a shared, secret key by communicating over a public network. A number of solutions to this problem have been proposed over the years, mostly based on variants of Diffie-Hellman (two-party)
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