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Forensic Science

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Displaying 401 - 425 of 528

Ten years of computer forensic tool testing

October 12, 2011
Author(s)
James R. Lyle, Barbara Guttman, Richard Ayers
The Computer Forensic Tool Testing (CFTT) project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been active since 2000. The project develops methodologies for testing computer forensic software tools by the creation of general tool

STR Sequence Analysis for Characterizing Normal, Variant, and Null Alleles

August 1, 2011
Author(s)
Margaret C. Kline, Carolyn R. Steffen, John M. Butler, Amy Decker
DNA sequence variation is known to exist in and around the repeat region of short tandem repeat (STR) loci used in human identity testing. While the vast majority of STR alleles measured in forensic DNA laboratories worldwide type as "normal" alleles

Metrology Needs and NIST Resources for the Forensic DNA Community

June 1, 2011
Author(s)
Michael D. Coble, Margaret C. Kline, John M. Butler
With the advent of Forensic DNA profiling in the mid-1980s, this technology has had a positive impact on the criminal justice system, helping to convict the guilty and exonerate the innocent. The field has evolved from focusing on multi-locus markers

WSQ Problem with Two-Thumb Captures from Large Platen Live-Scan Devices

November 18, 2010
Author(s)
Craig I. Watson
This paper investigates an issue with the Wavelet Scalar Quantization (WSQ) compression algorithm which causes severe degradation of the compressed image. The problem was first noticed when compressing the two-thumb images from live-scan identification

Scientific Issues with Analysis of Low Amounts of DNA

September 7, 2010
Author(s)
John Butler, Becky Steffen
Faced with limited evidence that yield low amounts of DNA, forensic analysts will continually have to confront the question of how far to push DNA testing techniques. Low copy number (LCN) analysis, also known as low template DNA (LT-DNA) testing, involves

Striation Density for Predicting the Identifiability of Fired Bullets

September 1, 2010
Author(s)
Wei Chu, Jun-Feng Song, Theodore V. Vorburger, Susan M. Ballou
Without a selection procedure to exclude the bullets having insufficient individualized ballistics signature, automated ballistics identification systems will correlate an evidence bullet with all reference bullets stored in the database. Correlations that

Topography measurements for correlations of standard cartridge cases

July 1, 2010
Author(s)
Theodore V. Vorburger, Jun-Feng Song, Wei Chu, Thomas Brian Renegar, Xiaoyu Alan Zheng, James H. Yen, Robert M. Thompson, Richard M. Silver, Benjamin Bachrach, Martin Ols
NIST Standard Reference Materials (SRM) 2460 Standard Bullets and 2461 Standard Cartridge Cases are intended for use as check standards for crime laboratories to help verify that their computerized optical imaging equipment for ballistics image

Forensics Web Services

June 30, 2010
Author(s)
Anoop Singhal, Murat Gunestas, Duminda Wijesekera
Web services are currently a preferred way to architect and provide complex services. This complexity arises due to the composition of new services and dynamically invoking existing services. These compositions create service inter-dependencies that can be

Smart Phone Tool Specification

April 23, 2010
Author(s)
Richard Ayers
This paper defines requirements for mobile device applications capable of acquiring data from smart phones operating over a Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) network and a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network, and test methods used to

Smart Phone Tool Test Assertions and Test Plan

April 23, 2010
Author(s)
Richard Ayers
This paper defines assertions and test cases for mobile device applications capable of acquiring data from mobile devices operating over a Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks, used to determine

Automated Mapping of Explosives Particles in Composition C-4 Fingerprints

March 1, 2010
Author(s)
Jennifer R. Verkouteren, Jessica L. Staymates, Inho Cho
A method is described to perform automated mapping of RDX particles in C-4 fingerprints. The method employs polarized light microscopy and image analysis to map the entire fingerprint and the distribution of RDX particles. The approach is relatively quick

Guide to SIMfill Use and Development

February 24, 2010
Author(s)
Wayne Jansen, Aurelien M. Delaitre
SIMfill is a proof-of-concept, open source, application developed by NIST to populate identity modules with test data, as a way to assess the recovery capability of mobile forensic tools. An initial set of test data is also provided with SIMfill as a

Three steps towards metrological traceability for ballistics signature measurements

February 1, 2010
Author(s)
Jun-Feng Song, Theodore V. Vorburger, Robert M. Thompson, Thomas Brian Renegar, Xiaoyu Alan Zheng, Li Ma, James H. Yen, Martin Ols
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in collaboration with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) has developed the Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2460 bullets and 2461 casings. NIST and ATF are proposing to
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