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Fire

Materials flammability

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Displaying 201 - 225 of 266

Absorption of Thermal Radiation by Burning Polymers

February 2, 2011
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, Mauro Zammarano, Boris Wilthan, Leonard M. Hanssen
In large-scale fires, the input of energy to burning materials occurs predominantly by radiative transfer. The in-depth absorption of radiant energy by a polymer influences its ignition time and burning rate. The present investigation examines two methods

SUSTAINABLE FLAME RETARDANTS: BIO-DERIVED PRODUCTS AS INTUMESCING MATERIALS

February 2, 2011
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Douglas M. Fox, Szabolcs Matko, Takashi Kashiwagi, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Rick D. Davis
Scientists are shifting their attention towards technology sustainability and sustainable materials, specifically in terms of energy and environmental impacts. The flame retardant community is also more concerned about these aspects. The recent banning of

Fire Resistive Materials: Thermal Barriers between Fires and Structures

November 1, 2010
Author(s)
Dale P. Bentz
Fire resistive materials (FRMs) serve a critical function in insulating (steel) structures to limit steel temperature rise during a fire exposure. This paper provides an overview of FRMs, focusing on the measurement of their thermophysical properties

Microencapsulated POSS in Cellulose Using 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate

October 10, 2010
Author(s)
Douglas M. Fox, Mauro Zammarano, Jeffrey W. Gilman
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and cellulose were reacted in the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmiAc). Side reactions between the EmiAc and each reactant were prevalent, but use of water as the coagulating solvent produced

Fire Effluent Component Yields from Room-scale Fire Tests

October 1, 2010
Author(s)
Richard G. Gann, Jason D. Averill, Erik L. Johnsson, Marc R. Nyden, Richard D. Peacock
Estimation of the time available for escape (ASET) in the event of a fire is a principal component in fire hazard or risk assessment. Valid data on the yields of toxic smoke components from bench-scale apparatus is essential to accurate ASET calculations

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF POLYMER MATERIALS IN STANDARD FIRE TESTS: PYROLYSIS AND THE IMPACT OF RESIDUE FORMATION

July 31, 2010
Author(s)
Florian Kempel, Bernhard Schartel, Anja Hofmann, Gregory T. Linteris, Richard E. Lyon, Richard N. Walters, Stanislav Stoliarov
Two different numerical simulation tools, Fire Dynamic Simulator FDS and ThermaKin, are investigated with respect to their capability to predict the mass loss rate of polymer materials exposed to different fires. For validation, gasification apparatus and

A Flame Model for Melting and Dripping Polymers

July 5, 2010
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, Sergio R. Idelsohn, Julio M. Marti, Eugenio Onate, Riccardo Rossi
The versatility of polymeric materials, as demonstrated in such features as high strength, low weight, ease of processing, and capability to form into complex shapes, have led to their widespread industrial application in aircraft structures

Modeling Thermoplastic Melt Spread Over Different Flooring Materials

July 5, 2010
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, Eugenio Onate, Riccardo Rossi, Julio M. Marti, Sergio R. Idelsohn
The effects of the thermal properties of three flooring materials on the spread rate of polymer melt over the surface were studied using a model based on the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM). The high thermal conductivity of steel keeps the steel

Numerical Simulation of Polymeric Materials in UL 94 Test: Competition Between Gasification and Melt Flow / Dripping

July 5, 2010
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, Florian Kempel, Bernhard Schartel, Anja Hofmann, Eugenio O?, Sergio R. Idelsohn, Riccardo Rossi, Julio M. Marti
The capability of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM, developed by CIMNE) to model the complex fire behaviour of polymers in the UL 94 scenario was investigated. For validation, a series of four PC/ABS blends were chosen, which covered different UL
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