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Fire

Materials flammability

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Displaying 226 - 250 of 266

Numerical Simulation of Polymeric Materials in UL 94 Test: Competition Between Gasification and Melt Flow / Dripping

July 5, 2010
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, Florian Kempel, Bernhard Schartel, Anja Hofmann, Eugenio O?, Sergio R. Idelsohn, Riccardo Rossi, Julio M. Marti
The capability of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM, developed by CIMNE) to model the complex fire behaviour of polymers in the UL 94 scenario was investigated. For validation, a series of four PC/ABS blends were chosen, which covered different UL

POSS modified cellulose for improving flammability characteristics of polystyrene

April 2, 2010
Author(s)
Douglas M. Fox, Mauro Zammarano, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Jieun Lee, Eric Balsley, Erica Ford
Due to its strength, charring ability, and biodegradability, cellulose-based reinforced polymers have received considerable attention. However, its high polarity, large molecular size, and solvent resistivity, have often resulted in immiscible or

Melting and Spread of Polymers in Fire with the Particle Finite Element Method

February 19, 2010
Author(s)
Eugenio Onate, Riccardo Rossi, Sergio R. Idelsohn, Kathryn Butler
A new computational procedure for analysis of the melting and flame spread of polymers under fire conditions is presented. The method, termed Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM), combines concepts from particle-based techniques with those of the standard

Heat release and structural collapse of flexible polyurethane foam

January 1, 2010
Author(s)
Roland H. Kraemer, Mauro Zammarano, Gregory T. Linteris, Ulf W. Gedde, Jeffrey W. Gilman
Flexible polyurethane foam used in upholstered furniture remains one of the major fire hazards to date. The heat release rate of burning items made of foam depends strongly on the foam's physical behavior, notably its collapse to a burning liquid that can

A Materials Science-Based Approach to Characterizing Fire Resistive Materials

April 9, 2009
Author(s)
Dale P. Bentz, Christopher C. White, Kuldeep R. Prasad, Daniel R. Flynn, Donald L. Hunston, Kar T. Tan
While ASTM E119-07a is commonly employed to establish a fire rating for a fire resistive material (FRM)/steel assembly, the test method provides little quantitative information on either the thermophysical or adhesion properties of the FRM, beyond

A Model of Melting and Dripping Thermoplastic Objects in Fire

March 17, 2009
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler
A model of the melting and dripping behavior of thermoplastic materials in fire is being developed using the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM), which is capable of tracking the large changes in shape inherent to this problem in addition to solving the

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FIRE SPREAD ON POLYURETHANE FOAM SLABS

March 17, 2009
Author(s)
Kuldeep R. Prasad, Roland Kramer, Nathan D. Marsh, Marc R. Nyden, Thomas J. Ohlemiller, William M. Pitts, Mauro Zammarano
The NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is used extensively by the fire protection engineer for performance based design and forensic analysis. The equations of motion describing the gas phase are relatively well known and the approximations in the various
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