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Fire

Materials flammability

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Displaying 126 - 148 of 148

A Flame Model for Melting and Dripping Polymers

July 5, 2010
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, Sergio R. Idelsohn, Julio M. Marti, Eugenio Onate, Riccardo Rossi
The versatility of polymeric materials, as demonstrated in such features as high strength, low weight, ease of processing, and capability to form into complex shapes, have led to their widespread industrial application in aircraft structures

Modeling Thermoplastic Melt Spread Over Different Flooring Materials

July 5, 2010
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, Eugenio Onate, Riccardo Rossi, Julio M. Marti, Sergio R. Idelsohn
The effects of the thermal properties of three flooring materials on the spread rate of polymer melt over the surface were studied using a model based on the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM). The high thermal conductivity of steel keeps the steel

Numerical Simulation of Polymeric Materials in UL 94 Test: Competition Between Gasification and Melt Flow / Dripping

July 5, 2010
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, Florian Kempel, Bernhard Schartel, Anja Hofmann, Eugenio O?, Sergio R. Idelsohn, Riccardo Rossi, Julio M. Marti
The capability of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM, developed by CIMNE) to model the complex fire behaviour of polymers in the UL 94 scenario was investigated. For validation, a series of four PC/ABS blends were chosen, which covered different UL

POSS modified cellulose for improving flammability characteristics of polystyrene

April 2, 2010
Author(s)
Douglas M. Fox, Mauro Zammarano, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Jieun Lee, Eric Balsley, Erica Ford
Due to its strength, charring ability, and biodegradability, cellulose-based reinforced polymers have received considerable attention. However, its high polarity, large molecular size, and solvent resistivity, have often resulted in immiscible or

Melting and Spread of Polymers in Fire with the Particle Finite Element Method

February 19, 2010
Author(s)
Eugenio Onate, Riccardo Rossi, Sergio R. Idelsohn, Kathryn Butler
A new computational procedure for analysis of the melting and flame spread of polymers under fire conditions is presented. The method, termed Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM), combines concepts from particle-based techniques with those of the standard

Heat release and structural collapse of flexible polyurethane foam

January 1, 2010
Author(s)
Roland H. Kraemer, Mauro Zammarano, Gregory T. Linteris, Ulf W. Gedde, Jeffrey W. Gilman
Flexible polyurethane foam used in upholstered furniture remains one of the major fire hazards to date. The heat release rate of burning items made of foam depends strongly on the foam's physical behavior, notably its collapse to a burning liquid that can

A Materials Science-Based Approach to Characterizing Fire Resistive Materials

April 9, 2009
Author(s)
Dale P. Bentz, Christopher C. White, Kuldeep R. Prasad, Daniel R. Flynn, Donald L. Hunston, Kar T. Tan
While ASTM E119-07a is commonly employed to establish a fire rating for a fire resistive material (FRM)/steel assembly, the test method provides little quantitative information on either the thermophysical or adhesion properties of the FRM, beyond

A Model of Melting and Dripping Thermoplastic Objects in Fire

March 17, 2009
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler
A model of the melting and dripping behavior of thermoplastic materials in fire is being developed using the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM), which is capable of tracking the large changes in shape inherent to this problem in addition to solving the

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FIRE SPREAD ON POLYURETHANE FOAM SLABS

March 17, 2009
Author(s)
Kuldeep R. Prasad, Roland Kramer, Nathan D. Marsh, Marc R. Nyden, Thomas J. Ohlemiller, William M. Pitts, Mauro Zammarano
The NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is used extensively by the fire protection engineer for performance based design and forensic analysis. The equations of motion describing the gas phase are relatively well known and the approximations in the various

SUSTAINABLE FLAME RETARDANT NANOCOMPOSITES

March 17, 2009
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman
This paper examines the current state of research into sustainable flame retardants with the work on nanocomposites highlighted. The motivations to move away from halogen-based flame retardants are discussed and a number of life-cycle-assessments are

Prediction of the Burning Rate of Non-Charring Polymers

January 1, 2009
Author(s)
Stanislav Stoliarov, Sean Crowley, R Lyon, Gregory T. Linteris
This study demonstrates that a numerical pyrolysis model called ThermaKin, which was developed by SRA International, Inc. and the Federal Aviation Administration, can be used to predict and extrapolate the results of gasification and cone calorimetry

USE OF COMBUSTION EFFLUENT DATA IN TENABILITY ASSESSMENT

November 11, 2008
Author(s)
Richard G. Gann
Typical prescriptive and performance-based assessments of life safety in building fires do not explicitly consider the contributions of the toxic potency of combustion gases, smoke obscuration, or the thermal and radiative environment. This paper

Some Difficult Problems in the Modeling of Fire Spread

July 16, 2006
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, Thomas J. Ohlemiller
A fire and the objects involved in the fire form a highly complex dynamic system. Important processes occur over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, from the microscales of thermodynamics and chemical kinetics, through the mesoscales of heat

Extinguishment of Cup-Burner Flames in Low Gravity

January 1, 2005
Author(s)
F Takahashi, Gregory T. Linteris, V Katta
The effects of oxidizer stream velocity and oxygen concentration, as well as gravity and pressure, on the extinguishment limits of laminar co-flow diffusion flames of methane, formed in a cup-burner apparatus, have been studied experimentally and

Supression Characteristics of Cup-Burner Flames in Low Gravity

January 1, 2004
Author(s)
F Takahashi, Gregory T. Linteris, V Katta
The structure and suppression of laminar methane air co-flow diffusion flames formed on a cup burner have been studied experimentally and numerically using physically acting fire-extinguishing agents (CO2, N2, He, and Ar) in normal earth (1g) and zero

Extinction of Cup-Burner Diffusion Flames by Catalytic and Inert Inhibitors

December 1, 2002
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris
The first tests of super-effective flame inhibitors blended with CO2 have been performed in methane-air co-flow diffusion flames. Although the organometallic agents used are typically one or two orders of magnitude more effective inhibitors than CF3Br when
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