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Fire

Materials flammability

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Displaying 26 - 50 of 147

Optimizing Flame Retardancy and Durability of Melamine-Formaldehyde/Solid-Urban-Waste Composite Panels

February 26, 2021
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Carola Esposito Corcione, Francesca Ferrari, Raffaella Striani, Laura J. Dubrulle, Paolo Visconti, Antonio Greco
In our previous study, an innovative method for sterilization, inertization, and valorization of organic fraction of the municipal solid waste (OFMSW), to be recycled in the production of composite panels, had been developed. In this follow-up work, the

Full-Scale Experiments to Demonstrate Flammability Risk of Residential Upholstered Furniture and Mitigation Using Barrier Fabric

December 11, 2020
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Matthew S. Hoehler, John R. Shields, Andre L. Thompson, Ickchan Kim, Isaac T. Leventon, Matthew F. Bundy
In this work, we investigated fire growth in a furnished compartment intended to mimic a living room where a couch was the main fuel load. Three TB-117-2013 compliant and commercially available couches were procured. The couches were identical except for

Estimating the Impact of 16 CFR Part 1633 on Bed Fire Outcomes

November 18, 2020
Author(s)
Stanley W. Gilbert, David Butry, Rick D. Davis, Richard Gann
Effective July 1, 2007, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission promulgated a standard to severely reduce the heat release rate and the early heat output from mattresses and foundations when ignited by a flaming ignition source. This study estimates

The Roles of Standard Cigarettes in Assuring the Ignition Resistance of Soft Furnishings

November 18, 2020
Author(s)
Richard G. Gann, Ickchan Kim, Steven P. Lund, William F. Guthrie, Rick D. Davis
Regulations for cigarette ignition resistance (CIR) of soft furnishings (beds and upholstered furniture) and less fire-prone cigarettes have contributed substantially to the decrease in losses from cigarette-initiated fires over time. Two Standard

Reduced-Scale Test to Assess the Effect of Fire Barriers on the Flaming Combustion of Cored Composites: an Upholstery-Material Case Study

September 4, 2020
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, John R. Shields, Isaac T. Leventon, Ickchan Kim, Shonali Nazare, Andre L. Thompson, Rick D. Davis, Artur A. Chernovsky, Matthew F. Bundy
In this work, we describe a reduced-scale test (“Cube” test), based on cone calorimetry, measuring the fire performance (heat release rate, propensity to pool-fire formation, etc.) of composite specimens including a fire barrier (FB) and a flammable core

Heat Release Rates of Multiple Transient Combustibles

July 21, 2020
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan
This report documents heat release rate measurements of various transient combustibles; that is, non-permanent items found in industrial settings that can potentially contribute to an accidental fire. These items are often included in hypothetical fire

Response Bias of Electrical Cable Coatings at Fire Conditions (REBECCA-FIRE)

June 9, 2020
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Edward J. Hnetkovsky, Scott D. Bareham, Michael J. Selepak, Morgan Bruns
This report contains results of a multi-year experimental program called REBECCA-FIRE (Response Bias of Electrical Cable Coatings at Fire Conditions). Volume 2 of the three volume report focuses on the burning behavior of electrical cables that are

Intumescent Polydopamine Coatings for Fire Protection

March 9, 2020
Author(s)
Douglas M. Fox, Whirang Cho, Laura J. Dubrulle, Phillip Grutzmacher, Mauro Zammarano, Douglas M. Fox
Polydopamine coatings containing additional bioderived flame retardants were used as coatings for polyurethane foam and cardboard. The ability to form intumescing coatings was crucial for achieving good flame protection. Dopamine can effectively

Environmental Friendly Flame Resistant Coatings for Soft Furnishing

May 1, 2019
Author(s)
Yeon S. Kim, Yu-Chin Li, John R. Shields, Rick D. Davis
Pending flammability regulations and scrutinizing of the environment and health consequences of fire retardants is creating opportunities for novel and “greener” technologies to reduce the flammability of residential furniture. This presentation will

Assessing Fire-blocking Effectiveness of Barrier Fabrics in the Cone Calorimeter

April 29, 2019
Author(s)
Shonali Nazare, William M. Pitts, Mauro Zammarano, John R. Shields, Elizabeth Knowlton, Benito De Leon
Cone calorimetric experiments have been conducted on bare flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) samples as well as FPUF covered with a variety of fire-blocking barrier fabrics (BFs) in order to characterize and rank BF effectiveness for improving the

A Novel Application of Silicone-Based Flame-Retardant Adhesive in Plywood

September 11, 2018
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, John R. Shields, Elizabeth D. Knowlton, Ickchan Kim, Matthew S. Hoehler
A silicone-based elastomer filled with vinyl-silane treated aluminum hydroxide was used as a flame- retardant adhesive for plywood, as a replacement for a conventional polyurethane-based adhesive. The shear strength and fire performance of such a silicone

Kinetic Mechanism of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) Combustion

July 16, 2018
Author(s)
Valeri I. Babushok, Gregory T. Linteris
A kinetic model for 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) high temperature oxidation and combustion is proposed. It is combined with the GRI-Mech-3.0 model, with the previously developed model for 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (2-BTP), and with the NIST

Nanocomposite Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries with Reduced Flammability

March 21, 2018
Author(s)
Mauro Zammarano, Apostolos Enotiadis, Nikhil Fernandes, Natalie A. A. Becerra, Emmanuel P. Giannelis
We report a family of flame-retardant electrolytes for lithium batteries based on ionic nanocomposites. The nanocomposites are synthesized in one pot by dispersing SiO2 nanoparticles charge-balanced by both Li ions and mono-amino-terminated polyether (PEO

Development and Validation of a Mechanism for Flame Propagation in R-32/Air Mixtures

March 6, 2018
Author(s)
Donald R. Burgess Jr., Jeffrey A. Manion, Robert R. Burrell, Valeri I. Babushok, Michael Hegetschweiler, Gregory T. Linteris
A mechanism for the combustion of the refrigerant R-32 (CH2F2) in air mixtures was developed and validated through comparisons with measured flame speeds for a range of equivalence ratios (0.9 to 1.4) and pressures (1 to 3 bar) using a constant-volume

A Generalized Model of Flame to Surface Heat Feedback for Laminar Wall Flames

March 7, 2017
Author(s)
Isaac T. Leventon, Stanislav I. Stoliarov, Kevin T. Korver
In this work, experimental measurements of flame heat flux and sample mass loss rate are obtained as a flame spreads vertically upward over the surface of seven commonly used polymeric materials, two of which are glass reinforced composites. Using these

Epoxy Composites Using Wood Pulp Components as Fillers

November 30, 2016
Author(s)
Douglas M. Fox, Noy Kaufman, Jeremiah W. Woodcock, Jeffrey W. Gilman, John R. Shields, Rick D. Davis, Szabolcs Matko, Mauro Zammarano, Chelsea S. Davis
The components of wood, especially lignin and cellulose, have great potential for improving the properties of polymer composites. In this chapter, we discuss some of the latest developments from our lab on incorporating wood based materials into epoxy
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