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Fire

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Displaying 1051 - 1075 of 3901

MODELING THE BURNING OF COMPLICATED OBJECTS USING LAGRANGIAN PARTICLES

July 4, 2010
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Randall J. McDermott, William E. Mell, Glenn P. Forney, Jason E. Floyd, Simo A. Hostikka
A methodology is described for representing complicated objects within a computational fluid dynamics model. These objects are typically collections of similar items that are too small to define on the numerical grid that is used to solve the governing

A Sensor-Driven Fire Model, Version 1.2

July 1, 2010
Author(s)
William D. Davis
Modern building fire sensors are capable of supplying substantially more information to the fire service than just the simple detection of a possible fire. In order to use this information, a decision support system needs to be developed that interprets a

WIND DRIVEN FIRES IN STRUCTURES

July 1, 2010
Author(s)
Daniel M. Madrzykowski, Stephen Kerber
Fires in high-rise buildings create unique safety challenges for building occupants and fire fighters. Smoke and heat spreading through the corridors and the stairs of a building during a fire can limit building occupants ability to escape and can limit

Evolutionary Computation Approach to Heat Exchanger Design

June 26, 2010
Author(s)
David A. Yashar, Janusz Wojusiak, Kenneth Kaufman, Piotr A. Domanski
The efficiency of a vapor compression system is strongly influenced by the performance of the finned-tube heat exchangers it employs. Heat exchanger performance is strongly influenced by the refrigerant circuitry, i.e., the connection sequence of the tubes

AN ADHESION TEST METHOD FOR SPRAY-APPLIED FIRE-RESISTIVE MATERIALS

June 21, 2010
Author(s)
Kar T. Tan, Christopher C. White, Donald L. Hunston
Adhesion of spray-applied fire-resistive materials (SFRMs) to steel structures is critical in enabling the capacity of a building to remain functional for a specific length of time during a fire for life safety and fire department assess. Empirical tests

Representing Egress Behaviour in Engineering Terms

June 16, 2010
Author(s)
Steve M. Gwynne, Erica D. Kuligowski, Daniel Nilsson
When using engineering tools to calculate RSET, the engineer must have sufficient expertise to identify actual human factors that will influence the outcome of an evacuation in a particular situation. The engineer must then represent these factors in the

Role of Nanoparticles in Life Cycle of Nanocomposites

June 15, 2010
Author(s)
Xiaohong Gu, Guodong Chen, Minhua Zhao, Stephanie S. Watson, Paul E. Stutzman, Tinh Nguyen, Joannie W. Chin, Jonathan W. Martin
The objective of this study is to investigate the role of ZnO nanoparticles in the life cycle of a waterborne polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite during UV exposure. The effects of loadings and sizes of ZnO nanoparticles on photodegradation of ZnO/PU films

Evaporator Optimization for Non-Uniform Air Distribution

June 13, 2010
Author(s)
Piotr A. Domanski, David A. Yashar, Sunil Lee
This study demonstrates the performance improvements that can be achieved by accounting for the in-situ air flow distribution during the design phase of a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger used in this study was a two-slab, A-shaped finned-tube evaporator

Occupant Behavior in a High-rise Office Building Fire

June 10, 2010
Author(s)
Erica D. Kuligowski, Bryan L. Hoskins
Survey responses from occupants involved in a 32-story high-rise building evacuation during an actual fire were collected and analyzed to study the pre-evacuation period. Multiple regression models were used to test whether specific occupant, building, and

Understanding the Hazards of Grouped Electrical Cables

June 7, 2010
Author(s)
Kevin B. McGrattan, Andrew J. Lock, Marc R. Nyden, Jason Dreisbach, Nathan D. Marsh, David Stroup
CHRISTIFIRE (Cable Heat Release, Ignition, and Spread in Tray Installations during FIRE) is a U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of Research program to quantify the mass and energy released from burning electrical cables. This type of quantitative

Ultraviolet Weathering of Firefighter Protective Clothing

June 4, 2010
Author(s)
Rick D. Davis, Joannie W. Chin, Chiao-Chi Lin, Sylvain H. Petit
Exposure to simulated ultraviolet sunlight at 50 C and 50 % relative humidity caused a significant deterioration in the mechanical performance of polyaramid and polyaramid/polybenzimidazole based Outer Shell fabrics used in firefighter jacket and pants

INVESTIGATING WIND DRIVEN FIREBRAND PENETRATION INTO BUILDING VENTS

May 17, 2010
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka S. Suzuki, Yoshihiko Hayashi
Evidence suggests that wind driven firebrand showers are responsible for a majority of structure ignitions in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires in the USA and urban fires in Japan. This study is aimed at extensively quantifying firebrand penetration

STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF WTC 7 FLOOR SYSTEMS TO FIRE

May 12, 2010
Author(s)
Therese P. McAllister
The WTC 7 investigation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) identified several factors that alone, or in combination, led to fire-induced failures of the floors, and subsequently, total collapse of the 47-story WTC 7 building. A

Better IAQ using ASHRAE Guide

May 3, 2010
Author(s)
Andrew K. Persily, Martha Hewett
Over the years, there have been many important contributions directed towards improving IAQ in buildings, including Standard 62.1 and other publications (EPA and NIOSH 1991; SMACNA 2007). In addition, ASHRAE, the International Society for Indoor Air

Direct Evidence of Nanoparticle Release from Epoxy Nanocomposites Exposed to UV Radiation

April 14, 2010
Author(s)
Tinh Nguyen, Bastien T. Pellegrin, Coralie Bernard, Xiaohong Gu, Justin M. Gorham, Paul E. Stutzman, Alexander J. Shapiro, Walter E. Byrd, Joannie W. Chin
This study assessed the fate of SiO2 nanoparticles (nanoSiO2) in epoxy/nanoSiO2 composites exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The matrix was a stoichiometric mixture of adiglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy and an aliphatic tri-amine. Films of

A Numerical Study of the Flow of Bingham-Like Fluids In Two Dimensional Vane And Cylinder Rheometers Using a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) Based Method

April 7, 2010
Author(s)
Huaning Zhu, Nicos Martys, Chiara C. Ferraris, Daniel De Kee
A vane rheometer is commonly used to determine the rheological properties of suspensions, colloids such as cement-based materials, many of which can be described as a Bingham fluid. Due to the complex flow geometry of the vane rheometer, relating measured

TESTING OF RESIDENTIAL HOMES UNDER WIND LOADS

April 7, 2010
Author(s)
Emil Simiu, Girma Bitsuamlak, Arindam Chowdury, Ruilong Li, Amanuel Tecle, Dong Hun Yeo
Aerodynamic testing of low-rise structures is fraught with difficulties that can be the cause of large measurement errors resulting in the underestimation of aerodynamic pressures by a factor of as much as two. The errors are due in large part to the

Building Information Exchange for Fire Responders Workshop: Proceedings

March 26, 2010
Author(s)
Jason D. Averill, David G. Holmberg, Alan B. Vinh, William D. Davis
Presently, there is no integrated solution for delivering building data into the hands of emergency responders. Technically, there are many challenges to collect, format, process, integrate and transport building data out of the building. Beyond this, the

Smoke Aerosol Measuremen Experiment (SAME)

March 5, 2010
Author(s)
Jiann Yang, Thomas Cleary, D L. Urban, Gary A. Ruff, William Sheredy, Zeng-guang Yuan, G W. Mulholland
This is the final report of a research project entitled Smoke Aerosol Measurements Experiment (SAME). Smoke and/or fire detection in the spacecraft is crucial to the success of future long term space travel. It has been realized that the gravity force
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