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Data from the Economic Census provides detailed statistics on the construction industry; however, the data is only gathered every five years. The Bureau of Labor Statistics provides statistics on the construction industry on an annual basis, but these
Steven J. Nabinger, Andrew K. Persily, William Stuart Dols
A retrofit study was conducted in a manufactured house to investigate the impacts of airtightening on ventilation rates and energy consumption. This paper describes the retrofits and the results of the pre- and post-retrofit assessment of building
Richard D. Peacock, Bryan L. Hoskins, Erica D. Kuligowski
The time that it takes an occupant population to reach safety when descending a stairwell during building evacuations is typically described by measureable engineering variables such as stairwell geometry, speed, density, and pre-evacuation delay. In turn
Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) was applied to a fire-induced doorway flow to provide the velocity field for computations of the mass flow rate of air into an enclosure. For a flow of uniform temperature and concentration, the technique
A novel sealant-testing device was used to continuously monitor the mechanical properties of a one part silicone sealant for movement cycles initiated from 10 h to 168 h after sample creation. These cure times fall between the proposed RILEM TC139
This is the first reported use of Layer-by-Layer (LBL) assembly to fabricate thin film coatings on polyurethane foam, of incorporating carbon nanofibers (CNF) into LBL fabricated coatings, and of using LBL fabricated coatings to reduce the flammability of
In 2009, the National Research Council (U.S) published a report identifying the research needs of the forensic science community. In the field of fire investigation, one of the specific needs identified was research on the natural variability of burn
Data on people movement on stairs were collected from 9 office and residential building evacuations in the United States. The buildings involved in this study range from 6 stories to 62 stories in height. The data were collected by positioning video
Building designers, contractors, owners and managers have long been challenged with providing quality indoor environments at a reasonable energy cost. Current efforts to improve building energy efficiency, including goals of netzero energy use, are
Kevin B. McGrattan, Andrew J. Lock, Nathan D. Marsh, Marc R. Nyden, Jason Dreisbach, David Stroup
CHRISTIFIRE (Cable Heat Release, Ignition, and Spread in Tray Installations during FIRE) is a U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of Research program to quantify the mass and energy released from burning electrical cables. This type of quantitative
Ultrafine particles (UFP) have been related to adverse human health effects such as respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. However, human exposure to particles of outdoor origin is heavily dependent on their infiltration into homes, where most people
Mark A. Kedzierski, David Venerus, Jacopo Buongiorno, Rebecca Christianson, Jessica Townsend, In Cheol Bang, Gang Chen, Sung Jae Chung, Minking Chyu, Haisheng Chen, Yulong Ding, F. Dubois, Grzegorz Dzido, Denis Funfschilling, Quentin Galand, Jinwei Gao, Haiping Hong, Mark Horton, Lin-wen Hu, Carlo Iorio, Andrzej Jarzebski, Yiran Jiang, Stephan Kabelac, Chongyoup Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Sukwon Kim, Thomas McKrell, Rui Ni, John Philip, Naveen Prabhat, Pengxiang Song, Stefan Van Vaerenbergh, Dongsheng Wen, Sanjeeva Witharana, Xiao-Zheng Zhao, Sheng-Qi Zhou
This article reports viscosity data on a series of colloidal dispersions collected as part of the International Nanofluid Property Benchmark Exercise (INPBE). Data are reported for seven different fluids that include dispersions of metal-oxide
Samuel L. Manzello, Seul-Hyun Park, Thomas G. Cleary
In an effort to quantify structure ignition mechanisms during WUI fires, rapidly deployable instrumentation packages are being developed. For a structure under a WUI fire attack, the packages are designed to: (1) provide temporally resolved images of
A set of 209 dwellings that represent 80 % of U.S. housing stock was used to generate frequenc distributions of residential ventilation rates. The set of homes is based on an anal sis of the 1997 U.S. Department of Energ s Residential Energ Consumption
Statistical analyses of companion Bogue (ASTM C150) and quantitative X-ray powder diffraction (QXRD) estimates for cement phases are used to establish the most likely linear relationship between these two measurement techniques for alite, belite, aluminate
An analytical model of the flow across a resistive flow path such as an orifice or pipe was applied to predict the inward leakage in an SCBA facepiece during a steady negative facepiece pressure. Starting with a range of negative pressure conditions
Anecdotal evidence as well as post-fire damage assessment studies suggests that wind driven firebrand attack is responsible for the majority of structure ignitions in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires. A unique experimental apparatus, known as the NIST
Adam M. Barowy, Kathy Notarianni, Jason D. Averill, Lori Moore-Merrell, Robert Santos
This paper presents an overview of a large multi-year, multi-partner research study on Firefighter Safety and Deployment of Resources as well as specific results from more than 60 laboratory and residential fireground experiments designed to quantify the
Andrew J. Lock, Matthew F. Bundy, Erik L. Johnsson, Kelly M. Opert, Anthony P. Hamins, Cheolhong Hwang, Ki Y. Lee
Many injuries and deaths throughout the world are caused by fires each year. Many of the deaths are the result of toxic gas inhalation, such as carbon monoxide, by a victim remote from the actual fire source. In order to facilitate better building
Kathryn M. Butler, Florian Kempel, Bernhard Schartel, Anja Hofmann, Eugenio O?, Sergio R. Idelsohn, Riccardo Rossi, Julio M. Marti
The capability of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM, developed by CIMNE) to model the complex fire behaviour of polymers in the UL 94 scenario was investigated. For validation, a series of four PC/ABS blends were chosen, which covered different UL
Efforts are underway in several research groups to adapt existing flammability test methods for the determination of yields of toxic compounds such as CO, HCN, and HCl. These include the NFPA 269 / ASTM E 1678 radiant apparatus, the ISO/TS 19700 tube
Samuel L. Manzello, Seul-Hyun Park, Sayaka S. Suzuki, John R. Shields, Yoshihiko Hayashi
The present investigation is aimed at extensively quantifying firebrand penetration through building vents using full scale tests that made use of the NIST Firebrand Generator (NIST Dragon) coupled to the Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF) at the