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Fire

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Displaying 651 - 675 of 3901

HVACR Editorial for IAQ 2013 Special Issue

January 23, 2015
Author(s)
Hal Levin, Steven Emmerich
The papers in this issue were selected from presentations made at the ASHRAE IAQ 2013: Environmental Health in Low Energy Buildings conference held in Vancouver Canada in October 2013. The conference was held specifically to review the state of knowledge

Pyrolysis Smoke Generated Under Low-Gravity Conditions

January 17, 2015
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang, Thomas G. Cleary, George W. Mulholland, D L. Urban, Gary A. Ruff, Zeng-guang Yuan, Marit Meyer, Victoria Bryg
A series of smoke experiments were carried out in the Microgravity Science Glovebox on the International Space Station (ISS) Facility to assess the impact of low-gravity conditions on the size distribution and structure of the smoke aerosol. This

Behavior of Unrestrained and Restrained Steel Columns Adjacent to Localized Fire

December 12, 2014
Author(s)
Chao Zhang, John L. Gross, Therese P. McAllister, Guo-Qiang Li
Steel columns may be exposed to thermal radiation from localized burning of a fire source nearby. Current structural fire design methods are based on uniform heating and, therefore, uniform temperature conditions, and no practicable methods are provided to

Behavior of Unrestrained and Restrained Steel Columns Surrounded by Localized Fire

December 12, 2014
Author(s)
Chao Zhang, John L. Gross, Therese P. McAllister, Guo-Qiang Li
Real fires start from localized burning, and will not develop to flashover if in an open space or in large open-plan compartments. Temperatures of gas and exposed steel columns in localized fires are not uniform. Current structural fire design methods are

Firebrand Accumulation in Front of Structures in Large Outdoor Fires

December 10, 2014
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
The production of firebrands contributes to the spread of disastrous large outdoor fires. As structures are exposed to wind, stagnation planes are produced around structures. In a prior scoping study, the authors demonstrated that firebrands may accumulate

Ignition of Mulch beds exposed to firebrand showers

December 10, 2014
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
Mulch is commonly found near buildings and is a useful surrogate to study various fuels that may be present near buildings. To this end, mulch beds were exposed to continuous, wind-driven firebrand showers. These experiments build on our prior work where

Characterization of Airborne Nanoparticle Released from Consumer Products

December 1, 2014
Author(s)
Andrew Persily, Liang Chung J. Lo, Steven J. Nabinger, Dustin Poppendieck, Li Piin Sung
Polymer and other coatings are commonly used to protect, enhance, or decorate wood, plastic and metal products used in homes and other buildings. Nanoparticles (i.e., particles having at least one dimension smaller than 100 nm) are increasingly being added

Hardening Structures to Resist Wildland-Urban (WUI) Fire Exposures

November 14, 2014
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello
Wildfires that spread into communities, referred to as Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires, have destroyed communities throughout the world. In the USA, over 46 million homes in 70,000 communities are at risk of WUI fires [1-2]. Historically, fire safety

Hydrocarbon Flame Inhibition by C3H2F3Br (2-BTP)

November 14, 2014
Author(s)
Valeri I. Babushok, Gregory T. Linteris, Donald R. Burgess Jr., Patrick T. Baker
The kinetic mechanism of hydrocarbon flame inhibition by the potential halon replacement 2-BTP has been assembled, and is used to study its effects on premixed methane-air flames. Simulations with varying CH4-air stoichiometry and agent loading have been

Mechanisms of aging and release from weathered nanocomposites

October 31, 2014
Author(s)
Tinh Nguyen, Wendel Wohlleben, Li Piin Sung
Polymer nanocomposites are increasingly used in outdoor structures. However, polymers are susceptible to degradation by solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which potentially releases nanofiller during polymer nanocomposites' life cycle. Such release may pose

Carbon Monoxide Exposure from Portable Generators

October 28, 2014
Author(s)
Steven J. Emmerich, Andrew K. Persily, Liangzhu Wang
Serious concerns exist about the hazard of acute residential carbon monoxide (CO) exposures from portable gasoline-powered generators, which can result in death or serious adverse health effects. As of April 23, 2013 and as shown in Figure 1, the U.S

Hardening of Structures to Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Expsoures

October 14, 2014
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello
Wildfires that spread into communities, referred to as Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires, have destroyed communities throughout the world. In the USA, over 46 million homes in 70,000 communities are at risk of WUI fires [1-2]. These fires have destroyed

Sensitivity Analysis of Installation Faults on Heat Pump Performance

October 8, 2014
Author(s)
Piotr A. Domanski, Hugh Henderson, William V. Payne
Numerous studies and surveys indicated that typically-installed HVAC equipment operates inefficiently and wastes considerable energy due to different installation errors (faults), e.g., improper refrigerant charge, incorrect airflow, oversized equipment

A Review of Risk Perception in Building Fire Evacuation

October 1, 2014
Author(s)
Max T. Kinateder, Erica D. Kuligowski, Paul A. Reneke, Richard Peacock
Risk perception (RP) is studied in many research disciplines (e.g., safety engineering, psychology, or sociology), and the contexts surrounding the ways in which different concepts of RP are applied vary greatly. Definitions of RP can be broadly divided

Structural Design for Fire: A Survey of Building Codes and Standards

October 1, 2014
Author(s)
Dat Duthinh
This document is a critical assessment of building codes and standards pertaining to structural design for fire from the United States, Canada, European Union members, Japan, New Zealand and Australia. These countries were selected because of their
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