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Fire

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Displaying 626 - 650 of 3910

International R&D Roadmap for Fire Resistance of Structures Summary of NIST/CIB Workshop

June 11, 2015
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang, Matthew F. Bundy, John L. Gross, Anthony P. Hamins, Fahim Sadek, Anand Raghunathan
This report summarizes the results of the global meeting to develop the International R&D Roadmap for Fire Resistance of Structures (the Roadmap) held May 21–22, 2014, in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The workshop was sponsored by the National Institute of

Modeling Particle Resuspension for Estimating Exposure to Bacillus Spores

June 11, 2015
Author(s)
William S. Dols, Andrew K. Persily
A key challenge in assessing the risks of low level contaminations following biological threat agent releases, and subsequent decontamination, is developing an understanding of and addressing the potential for airborne resuspension of agents that have

Research Roadmap for Smart Fire Fighting

June 11, 2015
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, casey grant, Nelson P. Bryner, Albert W. Jones, Galen H. Koepke
In 2013, fire departments in the United States responded to more than 480,000 structure fires. These fires resulted in approximately 2850 civilian fatalities, 14,000 injuries, and estimated property losses of $10 billion dollars. More than 30,000 fire

Simulation Methodology for Coupled Structural Fire Analysis

May 28, 2015
Author(s)
Chao Zhang, Julio C. Goncalves Da Silva, Craig G. Weinschenk, Daisuke Kamikawa, Yuji Hasemi
Advanced simulation methods are needed to precisely predict the complex behavior of structures exposed to natural fire conditions. Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, developed by NIST for fire related simulations

BUILDING COMPONENT IGNTION FROM MULCH BEDS IGNITED BY FIREBRAND SHOWERS

May 16, 2015
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki, Daisaku Nii
Wildfires that spread into communities, referred to as Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires, have destroyed communities throughout the world. The 2007 Southern California Fire forced 300,000 people to evacuate, destroyed over one thousand structures, and

DEVELOPMENT OF REDUCED-SCALE EXPERIMENTAL FACILITY TO STUDY FIREBRAND IGNTION

May 16, 2015
Author(s)
Samuel L. Manzello, Sayaka Suzuki
Wildfires that spread into communities, referred to as Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires, have destroyed communities throughout the USA. The best way forward to address the WUI fire problem is hardening of structures [1]. Without standard laboratory

Enhancement of Premixed Methane-Air Flames by Halon 1301 Replacements

May 16, 2015
Author(s)
John L. Pagliaro, Gregory T. Linteris, Peter B. Sunderland
Apparent combustion enhancement by some halon replacement fire suppressants (proposed for use in aircraft cargo bays) has been observed in full-scale, constant-volume tests at the FAA. In order to explore the phenomena, laboratory-scale constant-volume

Improving infiltration modeling in commercial building energy models

May 15, 2015
Author(s)
Lisa C. Ng, Andrew K. Persily, Steven J. Emmerich
As building envelope performance and HVAC equipment efficiencies are increasingly improved to reduce building energy use, a greater percentage of the total energy loss of a building can occur through envelope leakage. Although the energy impacts of

Indoor Air Quality in High-Performing Building Case Studies: Got Data?

May 12, 2015
Author(s)
Kevin Y. Teichman, Andrew K. Persily, Steven J. Emmerich
In this paper, we review how indoor air quality (IAQ) has been addressed in case studies of high-performing buildings (HPBs), specifically the case studies described in ASHRAE’s “High Performing Buildings” magazine. We find that nearly all of the reported

Risk-Informed Performance-Based Design Concepts and Framework

March 31, 2015
Author(s)
Brian J. Meacham, Alberto Alvarez-Rodriguez
A new framework for a risk-informed performance-based approach to fire safety analysis and design has been proposed. It is structured around a paradigm in which the performance analysis is conducted relative to the performance of a building-occupant system

Field Measurement of Ventilation Rates

March 18, 2015
Author(s)
Andrew K. Persily
Ventilation rates have significant impacts on building energy use and indoor contaminant concentrations, making them key parameters in evaluating building performance. Ventilation rates have been measured in buildings for many decades and there are mature

Exothermic Reaction of Halogenated Hydrocarbons: WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS

March 13, 2015
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, Jeffrey A. Manion
A workshop was held at NIST Gaithersburg on October 27 and 28, 2014 to discuss the exothermic reaction of halogenated hydrocarbons. The industries that gathered to discuss the topic were the fire suppression, fire suppression in aircraft, and Heating

Smoke Characterization and Feasibility of the Moment Method for Spacecraft Fire Detection

February 17, 2015
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang, Thomas G. Cleary, George W. Mulholland, Marit Meyer, Victoria Bryg, D L. Urban, Zeng-guang Yuan, Gary A. Ruff
The Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) has been conducted twice by NASA and provided the first real-time aerosol data in a spacecraft micro-gravity environment. Flight experiment results have recently been analyzed with respect to comparable
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