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Fire

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Displaying 3101 - 3125 of 3902

Selection of Calibration Particles for Scanning Surface Inspection Systems

August 8, 1996
Author(s)
George W. Mulholland, Nelson P. Bryner, Walter S. Liggett Jr, B W. Scheer, R. K. Goodall
In response to the semiconductor industry's need for both smaller calibration particles and more accurately sized larger particles, a joint SEMATECH, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and VLSI Standards, Inc. project was initiated to

Effect of Load Path on Damage to Concrete Bridge Piers

August 1, 1996
Author(s)
A W. Taylor, A El-Bahy, William C. Stone, S K. Kunnath
In earthquake engineering studies of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns, a controlled, cyclic lateral load pattern with gradually increasing amplitude has traditionally been applied to laboratory test specimens. However, in actual earthquakes bridge

Enhancement of EXIT89 and Analysis of World Trade Center Data

August 1, 1996
Author(s)
R F. Fahy
The features of an enhanced model for egress from fires in non-residential occupancies is presented along with a users manual describing the use of the model. The enhancements to the model include analysis of locations of safety, smoke blockages, disabled

Chemical Effects of CF3H in Extinguishing Counterflow CO/Air/H2 Diffusion Flames

July 28, 1996
Author(s)
G. S. Fallon, H K. Chelliah, Gregory T. Linteris
The relative importance of introducing CF3H as a fire suppressant with the oxidizer or the fuel stream, and its chemical and thermal effects on the extinction condition of counterflow CO/air/H2 diffusion flames, are investigated both experimentally and

Effect of Halogenated Flame Inhibitors on C1-C2 Organic Flames

July 28, 1996
Author(s)
T Noto, Valeri I. Babushok, Donald R. Burgess Jr., Anthony P. Hamins, Wing Tsang, A W. Miziolek
The influence of CF3Br, CF3I, CF4, CHF3, C2F6, and C2HF on laminar flame propagation in mixtures of CH4, CH3OH, C2H6, and C2H4 with air has been determined by numerical simulaitons. Comparisons are made with experimental results and earlier calculations

Global Properties of Gaseous Pool Fires

July 28, 1996
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, K Konishi, Robert P. Borthwick, Takashi Kashiwagi
Global flame properties were measured as a function of fuel mass in a series of experiments conducted on gaseous pool fires burning in a quiescent environment. The measurements included radiative heat loss, heat transfer to the burner, and sensible

Suppression of a Baffle-Stabilized Spray Flame by Halogenated Agents

July 28, 1996
Author(s)
Anthony P. Hamins, Cary Presser, L Melton
A series of experiments was conducted on baffle-stabilized spray flames in an effort to provide an improved understanding of the influence of various parameters on the processes controlling flame suppression. Measurements were made of the agent mass

Thin-Filament Pyrometry in Flickering Laminar Diffusion Flames

July 28, 1996
Author(s)
William M. Pitts
This paper describes an experimental system for thin-filament pyrometry (TFP) in acoustically phase-locked flickering laminar methane/air diffusion flames. The physical basis of the technique is discussed. The experiment utilizes a 15-mu m beta-SiC fiber

January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe) Earthquake: Performance of Structures, Lifelines, and Fire Protection Systems (NIST SP 901)

July 1, 1996
Author(s)
R M. Chung, D B. Ballantyne, E Comeau, T L. Holzer, Daniel M. Madrzykowski, A J. Schiff, William C. Stone, J Wilcoski, R. D. Borcherdt, J D. Cooper, Hai S. Lew, Jack P. Moehle, L H. Sheng, A W. Taylor, I Bucker, John(Jack) R. Hayes Jr., E V. Leyendecker, T O'Rourke, M P. Singh, M Whitney
The January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake of magnitude 7.2 in JMA scale (Mw = 6.9), which struck Kobe, Japan and its surrounding area was the most severe earthquake to affect that region this century. The earthquake resulted in more than 6,000 deaths

Polymer Combustion and New Flame Retardants

May 20, 1996
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, Anthony P. Hamins, Kenneth D. Steckler, Jeffrey W. Gilman
The combustion of polymers is a complex coupled process characterized by energy feedback from a flame to the polymer surface and subsequent gasification of the polymer to generate combustible degradation products. Energy feedback characteristics for two

Ab Initio Calculations and Kinetic Modeling of Halon and Halon Replacements

May 7, 1996
Author(s)
H. L. Paige, R J. Berry, M Schwartz, P Marshall, D R. Burgess, Marc R. Nyden
The mode of action of the chemical-acting flame suppression agents such as the halons is generally, though not universally, accepted. The details of the several reactions involved in chemical suppression have been studied by many groups using experimental

NIST Construction Automation Initiative

May 1, 1996
Author(s)
William C. Stone
Before we get started, let me introduce a few key people who have helped to organize this workshop. I would like to thank Ken Goodwin from the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory (MEL), Kent Reed from the Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL), and

Real-Time GPS and Non-Line-of-Sight Metrology

May 1, 1996
Author(s)
William C. Stone
I would like to pick up where Eric left off and describe the results of research which is currently underway at NIST in the field of construction metrology. Earlier I indicated that there were many technological steps along the way to implementing the real

Inhibition of Premixed Methane-Air Flames by Fluoromethanes

April 1, 1996
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, L Truett
This paper presents the first calculations and measurements of the burning velocity of premixed hydrocarbon flames inhibited by the three one-carbon fluorinated species CH2F2, CF3H, and CF4. The chemistry of these agents is expected to be similar to that

Inhibition of Flames by Condensed-Phase Agents

March 26, 1996
Author(s)
Gregory T. Linteris, D Reinelt
The ban on the production of the fire suppressant CF3Br has created a need for replacement agents. Obvious alternatives are other halogenated hydrocarbons, and much research has recently been devoted to understanding their relative performance and

Office Work Station Heat Release Rate Study: Full Scale vs. Bench Scale

March 26, 1996
Author(s)
Daniel M. Madrzykowski
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has conducted a study with office work stations to examine their heat release rates and to determine if the peak heat release rate for a work station can be predicted accurately from cone

Signatures of Smoldering/Pyrolyzing Fires for Multi-Element Detector Evaluation

March 26, 1996
Author(s)
Thomas G. Cleary, William L. Grosshandler, Marc R. Nyden, William J. Rinkinen
Levels of CO, CO2, H2O, hydrocarbons, smoke, temperature and velocity produced in the plumes of smoldering/pyrolyzing wood and smoldering cotton fires are reported, following test protocols described for evaluating automatic fire detection systems. The

Tomographic Reconstruction of Probability Density Functions in Turbulent Flames

March 26, 1996
Author(s)
P Vallikul, R Goulard, C Mavriplis, Marc R. Nyden
Local probability density functions (PDF) of absorption coefficients within turbulent flames have been retrieved from their multi-angular absorption data of path-integrated probability density functions via a series of numerical techniques. First the

Enhancement of R123 Pool Boiling by the Addition of N-Hexane (NISTIR 5780)

March 1, 1996
Author(s)
Mark A. Kedzierski
This paper presents the heat transfer data used to file international patent WO 94/18282. The data consisted of pool boiling performance of a GEWA-TTM surface for three fluids: (1) pure R123, (2) R123/n-hexane (99/1), and (3) R123/n-hexane (98/2). The heat
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