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I would like to pick up where Eric left off and describe the results of research which is currently underway at NIST in the field of construction metrology. Earlier I indicated that there were many technological steps along the way to implementing the real benefits of automation at a construction site. The underpinning of all of this is the need to know where things are. In the past this need has been met (in a minimal way) by static benchmarks and survey stakeouts provided by field crews. Even with digital total stations and laser or infrared based electronic distancing, this is a slow and tedious process. And it must be repeated many times during the course of a construction job as the geometry of the worked terrain changes.
Stone, W.
(1996),
Real-Time GPS and Non-Line-of-Sight Metrology, NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, [online], https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.5856
(Accessed October 13, 2025)