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Environment

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Displaying 126 - 150 of 537

Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Roots in Intact Clayey and Silty Soils

July 1, 2020
Author(s)
George Bagnall, Cristine` Morgan, Matthew Rosen, Mark Conradi, Stephen Altobelli, Dean Kuethe, Haly Neely, Neha Koonjoo, Bo Zhu, Karl Stupic, John Mullet, Brock Weers, Eiichi Fukushima, William Rooney
The development of a robust method to non-invasively visualize root morphology in natural soils has been hampered by the opaque, physical, and structural properties of soils. In this work we describe a novel technology, low field magnetic resonance imaging

Evaluation of Thermal Optical Analysis (TOA) Using an Aqueous Binary Mixture

June 30, 2020
Author(s)
Courtney D. Grimes, Joseph Conny, Russell Dickerson
Thermal Optical Analysis (TOA), a commonly implemented technique used to measure the amount of particulate carbon in the atmosphere or deposited on a filter substrate, distinguishes organic carbon (OC) from elemental carbon (EC) through the monitoring of

Simultaneous Transmission and Absorption Photometry of particle-laden filters from Wildland Fires during the Biomass Burning Observation Project (BBOP) field campaign

June 20, 2020
Author(s)
Cary Presser, Ashot Nazarian, Duli Chand, Arthur Sedlacek, John Hubbe
Transmissivity and absorptivity measurements were carried out simultaneously in the visible (wavelength of 532 nm) at laboratory conditions using particle-laden filters obtained from a three-wavelength particle/soot absorption photometer (PSAP). The

Simulation of indoor and outdoor air quality and health impacts following installation of energy-efficient retrofits in a multifamily housing unit

March 2, 2020
Author(s)
Lindsay Underhill, Chad W. Milando, Jonathan I. Levy, William Stuart Dols, Sharon K. Lee, M. Patricia Fabian
Efforts to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the United States have led to widespread interest in energy-efficient retrofits in the residential sector. Weatherization retrofits, such as air sealing and insulation, lower residential

New Insights into Female Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Reproductive Endocrinology Revealed by Steroid Hormone Profile Analysis

February 19, 2020
Author(s)
Greta Dalle Luche, Ashley Boggs, John Kucklick, Jasmin Gross, Darryl Hawker, Susan Bengston Nash
The blubber steroid hormone profiles of 52 female humpback whales migrating along the east coast of Australia were investigated for possible seasonal endocrinological changes associated with reproduction. Individuals were randomly sampled in southeast

Blubber steroid hormone profiles as indicators of physiological state in free-ranging common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

December 31, 2019
Author(s)
Thomas M. Galligan, Ashley Boggs, Brian C. Balmer, Teresa Rowles, Cynthia Smith, Forrest Townsend, Randall Wells, Nicholas Kellar, Eric Zolman, Lori Schwacke
Assessing endocrine health in free-ranging marine mammals can be difficult due to limited access to blood samples, which is the most commonly used sample matrix for endocrine assessment in wildlife. Blubber contains steroid hormones and can be collected

Measurement of Airborne Emissions from Extinguished Cigarettes: Final Report

December 16, 2019
Author(s)
Dustin G. Poppendieck
Three series of experiments were conducted in this study. First, studies were performed to the determine the relative distributions of the target chemicals in freshly smoked butts by analyzing six types of samples consisting of different parts of the butts

Prey-size plastics are invading larval fish nurseries

November 11, 2019
Author(s)
Jamison Gove, Jonathan Whitney, Margaret McManus, Joey Lecky, Felipe Carvalho, Jennifer Lynch, Jiwei Li, Philipp Neubauer, Jana Phipps, Donald Kobayashi, Karla Balagso, Emily Contreras, Mark Manuel, Mark Merrifield, Jeffrey Polovina, Gregory Asner, Jeffrey Maynard, Gareth Williams
Life for many of the world's marine fish begins at the ocean surface. Ocean conditions dictate food availability and govern survivorship, yet little is known about the habitat preferences of larval fish during this highly vulnerable life-history stage

Estimating real-time infiltration for use in residential ventilation control

September 19, 2019
Author(s)
Lisa C. Ng, Stephen M. Zimmerman, Jeremy Good, Brian Toll, Steven J. Emmerich, Andrew K. Persily
Minimum outdoor air ventilation rates specified in standards such as ASHRAE Standard 62.2 are generally based on envelope airtightness, building floor area, geographical location, and number of occupants. ASHRAE Standard 62.2 allows for a constant

AMAP Review: Biological Effects from Contaminants on Arctic Wildlife and Fish

August 13, 2019
Author(s)
Rune Dietz, Robert Letcher, Colleen E. Bryan Sallee, John Kucklick, Stacy Schuur, Jean-Pierre Desforges, Igor Eulaers, Bjorn Munro Jenssen, Melissa McKinney, Christian Sonne, Niladri Basu, Simon Wilson, Sara Pedro, Jenny Bytingsvik, Garry Stenson, Anuschka Polder, Joshua T. Ackerman, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Mark P. Herzog, Alex Hartman, Sarah Peterson, Allyson Jackson, Birgit Braune, Derek Muir, Frank Riget, Milton Levin, Anders Bignert, Maria Dam, Marlene Evans, Magali Houde, Katrin S. Hoydal
Since the last Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) effort to review biological effects of the exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) classified as organohalogen compounds (OHCs) in Arctic biota there has been a considerable number

Towards Sustainable Environmental Quality: Priority Research Questions for North America

July 30, 2019
Author(s)
Anne Fairbrother, Derek Muir, Keith Solomon, Gerald Ankley, Murray Rudd, Alistair Boxall, William Adams, Jennifer Apell, Bonnie Blalock, Sarah Bowman, Linda Campbell, George Cobb, Kristin Connors, David Dreier, Marlene Evans, Carol Henry, Robert Hoke, Magali Houde, Stephen Klaine, Rebecca Klaper, Sigrun Kullik, Roman Lanno, Charles Meyer, Elias Oziolor, Mary Ann Ottinger, Elijah Petersen, Helen Poynton, Pamela Rice, Gabriela Rodriguez-Fuentes, Alan Samel, Joseph Shaw, Jeffrey Steevens, Tim Verslycke, Scott Weir, Peter Wilson, Bryan Brooks
Anticipating, identifying and prioritizing strategic needs represent essential activities by research organizations. When these pursuits engage globally important environment and health goals, including the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

Estimating real-time infiltration for use in residential ventilation control

June 18, 2019
Author(s)
Lisa Ng, Stephen M. Zimmerman, Jeremy Good, Brian Tool, Steven Emmerich, Andrew Persily
Minimum outdoor air ventilation rates specified in standards such as ASHRAE Standard 62.2 are generally based on envelope airtightness, building floor area, geographical location, and number of occupants. To meet ventilation requirements in practice

Siting background towers to characterize incoming air for urban GHG estimation: a case study in the Washington DC/Baltimore Area

June 5, 2019
Author(s)
Kimberly L. Mueller, Vineet Yadav, Israel Lopez Coto, Anna Karion, Sharon M. Gourdji, Cory R. Martin, James R. Whetstone
There is increased interest in understanding urban greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, to accurately estimate city emissions, the influence of exurban fluxes must first be removed from urban greenhouse gas (GHG) observations. This is especially true

A Review of Organotin Contamination in Arctic and Subarctic Regions

May 17, 2019
Author(s)
John Kucklick, MIchael Ellisor
Organotin (OT) compounds are of continued arctic concern as they still widely used despite the most well-studied OT, tributyl tin (TBT), being restricted for use on marine vessels to prevent fouling by marine organisms. The highest OT concentrations found

Examining the Relationships Between Blubber Steroid Hormone and Persistent Organic Pollutant Measurements in Common Bottlenose Dolphins

March 24, 2019
Author(s)
Thomas M. Galligan, Brian C. Balmer, Lori Schwacke, Jennie L. Bolton, Brian M. Quigley, Patricia Rosel, Gina M. Ylitalo, Ashley Russell
In this study, we use remotely collected blubber samples from common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting the waters near a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site with high local DDx concentrations, to study the impacts of DDx

Lipidomics for wildlife disease etiology and biomarker discovery: a case study of pansteatitis outbreak in South Africa

March 5, 2019
Author(s)
John Bowden, Jeremy P. Koelmel, Candice Z. Ulmer, Susan Fogelson, Hannes Botha, Christina M. Jones, Jackie T. Bangma, Theresa M. Cantu, Matthew P. Guillette, Wilmien Luus-Powell, Joseph Sara, Willem J. Smit, Korin Albert, Harmony Miller, Berkley Olsen, Jason A. Cochran, Timothy J. Garrett, Richard A. Yost
Lipidomics is a promising tool to determine biomarkers and elucidate mechanisms associated with anthropogenic-induced stress in wildlife. Therefore, we examine the application of lipidomics for in situ studies on Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus
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