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This is the 2024 edition of energy price indices and discount factors for performing life-cycle cost analyses of energy and water conservation and renewable energy projects in federal facilities. It will be effective from the publication date to the
Tobias Neumann, Stefan Herrig, Ian Bell, Robin Beckmuller, Eric W. Lemmon, Monika Thol, Roland Span
Thermodynamic properties for CCS-relevant mixtures can be calculated with the fundamental equation of state presented in this work over wide ranges of pressure, temperature, and composition for gas, liquid, and supercritical states, as well as phase
Suphat Watanasiri, Kristiina Iisa, Eugene Paulechka, Earl Christensen, Chris Muzny, Abhijit Dutta
Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of wood, woody residues, and agricultural waste has the potential to produce organic liquid intermediates that can be hydroprocessed to sustainable aviation fuels (SAF). In this article we present results of property
Sheng Peng, Priyanka Periwal, Jacob LaManna, Pavel Shevchenko
Water imbibition is an important process in shale oil reservoirs after hydraulic fracturing and in water-based enhanced oil recovery. However, understanding of the process, including dynamics and mechanisms, is still limited. In this paper, a multiscale
Joanna McFarlane, Victoria H. DiStefano, Philip R. Bingham, Hassina Z. Bilheux, Michael C. Cheshire, Richard E. Hale, Daniel Hussey, David Jacobson, Lindsay M. Kolbus, Jacob LaManna, Edmund Perfect, Mark Rivers, Louis J. Santodonato, Lawrence M. Anovitz
Models of fluid flow are used to improve the efficiency of oil and gas extraction and to estimate the storage and leakage of carbon dioxide in geologic reservoirs. Therefore, a quantitative understanding of key parameters of rock-fluid interactions, such
Daniel S. Hussey, David L. Jacobson, Dusan Spernjak, Adam Weber, Rangachary Mukundan, Joseph Fairweather, Eric Brosha, John Davey, Jacob Spendelow, Rodney Borup
The water sorption of proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) was measured in situ using high-resolution neutron imaging in small-scale fuel-cell test sections. A detailed characterization of the measurement uncertainties and corrections associated with the
Daniel S. Hussey, Joseph Fairweather, Dusan Spernjak, Adam Weber, David Harvey, Silvia Wessell, David L. Jacobson, Kateryna Artyushkova, Rangachary Mukundan, Rodney Borup
The corrosion of carbon in the electrode supports of proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells leads to electrode collapse, reduced active catalyst area, and increased surface hydrophilicity. While these effects have been linked to performance degradation over
Yuanyuan Li, Matthew Kottwitz, Joshua L. Vincent, Zongyuan Liu, Michael J. Enright, Lihua Zhang, Jiahao Huang, Sanjaya D. Senanayake, Wei-Chang Yang, Peter A. Crozier, Ralph G. Nuzzo, Anatoly I. Frenkel
Oxide-supported noble metal catalysts have been extensively studied for decades for the water gas shift (WGS) reaction, a catalytic transformation central to a host of large volume processes that variously utilize or produce hydrogen. There remains
Joanna McFarlane, Lawrence M Anovitz, Michael C. Cheshire, Victoria H. DiStefano, Hassina Z. Bilheux, Jean-Christophe Bilheux, Luke L. Daemen, Richard E. Hale, Ronald L. Howard, A. J. Ramirez-Cuesta, Louis J. Santodonato, Markus Bleuel, Daniel S. Hussey, David L. Jacobson, Jacob LaManna, Edmund Perfect, Logan Qualls
Deep underground repositories are needed to isolate radioactive waste from the biosphere. Bentonite is an integral component of many multibarrier repository systems. Information on the hydraulic behavior of bentonite is needed for modeling the long-term
Hisan W. Shafaque, ChungHyuk Lee, Kieran F. Fahy, Jason K. Lee, Jacob LaManna, Eli Baltic, Daniel S. Hussey, David L. Jacobson, Aimy Bazylak
Despite the advantages of CO2 electrolyzers, efficiency losses due to mass and ionic transport across the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are critical bottlenecks for commercial-scale implementation. In this study, more efficient electrolysis of CO2 was
Recent updates to the underlying cost and environmental data have recently been implemented in the BIRDS database. This study evaluates the updated results for validation as well as determine potential changes in the results relative to those found in O
Recent interest in isopropanol (2-propanol, C3H¬7OH) combustion stems from its potential as a renewable biofuel. Here, we report shock tube investigations of isopropanol decomposition and reaction with H atoms at (918 to 1212) K and (158 to 484) kPa
David H. Webb, Joshua D. Kneifel, Cheyney M. O'Fallon
Residential solar photovoltaic (PV) system installations have become more prevalent as the installed cost has decreased over the last 10 years while system performance has improved. As these installations have increased, so too has interest in determining
Xue Wang, Wang Ziyun, F. P. Garcia de Arquer, Cao-Thang Dinh, Adnan Ozden, Yuguang C. Li, Dae-Hyun Nam, Jun Li, Yi-Sheng Liu, Joshua Wicks, Zitao Chen, Miaofang Chi, Bin Chen, Ying Wang, Jason Tam, Jane Y. Howe, Andrew Proppe, Peter Todrovic, Fengwang Li, Tao-Tao Zhuang, Christine M. Garbardo, Ahmad R. Kirmani, Christopher McCallum, Yanwei Lum, Mingchuan Luo, Yimeng Min, Aoni Xu, Colin P. O'Brien, Bello Stephen, Bin Sun, Alexander H. Ip, Lee J. Richter, Shana O. Kelley, David Sinton, Edward H. Sargent
The carbon dioxide electroreduction reaction (CO2RR) provides avenues to the production renewable ethanol, a high-energy-density fuel. Unfortunately, until now, the ethanol Faradaic efficiency (FE) has lain below 27% in CO2RR studies reported at total
The National Institute of Standards and Technology is currently developing reference materials (RMs) to support the corn-to-ethanol industry. Two candidate RMs consisting of dried corn biomass intermediates before and after conversion (fermentation) were
Lee J. Richter, Ahmad R. Kirmani, F. P. Garcia de Arquer, Cao-Thang Dinh, Adnan Ozden, Joshua Wicks, Christopher McCallum, Gabardo M. Christine, Ali Seifitokaldani, Xue Wang, Yuguang C. Li, Fengwang Li, Jonathan Edwards, Steven J. Thorpe, David Sinton, Edward H. Sargent, Nam Dae-Hyun, Dae-Hyun Nam
Electrolysis offers an attractive route to upgrade greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) to valuable fuels and feedstocks; however, productivity is often limited by gas diffusion through a liquid electrolyte to the surface of the catalyst. Here, we
Lee J. Richter, Ahmad R. Kirmani, Xue Wang, Wang Ziyuan, Dinh Cao-Thang, Li Jun, Nam Dae-Hyun, Li Fengwang, Huang Chun-Wei, Tan Chih-Shan, Chen Zitao, Chi Miaofang, Gabardo M. Christine, Seiifitokaldani Ali, Todorovic Petar, Proppe Andrew, Pang Yuanjie, wang yuhang, Ip H. Alexander, Shen-Chuan Lo, shana O. kelley, David Sinton, Edward H. Sargent, Tao-Tao Zhuang, Benjamin Scheffel
The electroreduction of C1 feedgas to high-energy-density fuels provides an attractive avenue to the storage of renewable electricity. Much progress has been made to improve selectivity to C1 and C2 products, however, the selectivity to desirable high
Elizabeth S. Drexler, Andrew J. Slifka, Robert L. Amaro, Jeffrey W. Sowards, Matthew J. Connolly, May L. Martin, Damian S. Lauria
Several welds and associated heat-affected zones (HAZs) on two API X70 and two API X52 pipes were tested to determine the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) in pressurized hydrogen gas and assess the area of the pipe that was most susceptible to fatigue when
Werickson Fortunato de Carvalho Rocha, David Sheen
The physical properties of a substance such as a fuel are in principle determined solely by its composition, which can be determined or at least probed using techniques such as gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Because the
Byung N. Kim, Alia Weaver, Marina Chumakov, Ileana M. Pazos, Dianne L. Poster, Karen Gaskell, Do H. Han, Gunther Scherer, Michael A. Yandrasits, Byung C. Lee, Mohamad Al-Sheikhly
During the pulsed-electron beam direct grafting of neat styrene onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) substrate, the radiolytically-produced styryl and carbon-centered FEP radicals undergo various desired and undesired competing
The densities and speeds of sound of four surrogate diesel fuels of varying compositional accuracy were measured at atmospheric pressure over the combined temperature range 278.15 K to 343.15 K. Measurement results for the surrogate fuels were compared to
Charles T. Avedisian, Kyle Skyllingstad1, Richard E. Cavicchi, Corinne Lippe, Michael J. Carrier
This paper presents methodologies to predict thermodynamic conditions that initiate flash boiling by spontaneous nucleation of liquids consisting of hundreds of miscible liquids and their lower order surrogate mixtures. The methods are illustrated with a
The relative rates of C-C and C-H β-scission reactions of i-butyl radicals were investigated with shock tube experiments at temperatures of (950 to 1250) K and pressures of (200 to 400) kPa. We produce i-butyl radicals from the decomposition of dilute
Densities of a 50/50 by volume mixture of JP-10 + a turpentine dimer fuel (TDF) have been measured in the compressed-liquid state from 270 K to 470 K, and 0.5 MPa to 45 MPa and at ambient pressure from 263.15 K to 373.15 K. Ambient pressure dynamic