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Mechanical systems in large commercial buildings, particularly their heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, routinely waste significant amounts of energy and thus levy significant unnecessary economic costs upon building owners. This
Ronald Lankone, Mauro Zammarano, Song Jhang, Ickchan Kim, David Goodwin, Gianluca Sarti, Stefano Gardi, Camillo Cardelli, Lipiin Sung
Vinyl siding has become a popular choice for residential exteriors across the United States. In its insulated form, this siding includes a shell, capstock, and substrate, that encase a foamed material, serving as an efficient insulating material. While it
Zhelun Chen, Jin Wen, Yicheng Li, L James Lo, Gabriel Grajewski, Vance (Wm.) Payne, Steven T. Bushby, Amanda Pertzborn, Zheng O'Neill, Zhiyao Yang, Caleb Calfa
With buildings contributing significantly to electricity usage, enabling demand flexibility becomes a challenge, especially when accounting for occupant comfort. This study introduces an advanced co-simulation framework that integrated a range of models
Jan Spale, Andreas Hoess, Ian Bell, Davide Ziviani
Single-component working fluids, which could be used in a safe, efficient, reliable, and cost-effective industrial high temperature heat pump (HTHP) subcritical vapor-compression cycle (VCC) for process heat delivery at 200 °C are scarce and come with
In the U.S., commercial buildings are responsible for approximately 36 % of total energy consumption, and the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems make up about 52 % of that total. Improving building operations can significantly reduce
Ground-source integrated heat pumps (GSIHPs) can save energy in residential buildings by providing all the heating, ventilation, air-conditioning (HVAC), and domestic hot water (DHW) using a single efficient appliance. The efficiency is enabled through use
This is the 2024 edition of energy price indices and discount factors for performing life-cycle cost analyses of energy and water conservation and renewable energy projects in federal facilities. It will be effective from the publication date to the
William M. Healy, Kristen Cetin, Richard Karg, Chandra Sekhar, Li Song, Jerzy Sowa, Iain Walker, Pawel Wargocki
The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a rapid and dramatic shift in the number of people working from home. For ASHRAE, the shift to more work from home has an impact on its mission. Most notably, key metrics for performance of the built environment
Amanda Pertzborn, Daniel Veronica, Glen A. Glaeser
The National Institute of Standards and Technology has constructed the Intelligent Building Agents Laboratory (IBAL) to demonstrate the potential for distributed, intelligent software agents to optimize the control of heating, ventilation, and air
Hannah Covington, Brian Woo-Shem, Chenli Wang, Cuong Nguyen, Thomas Roth, Yuhong Liu, Yi Fang, Hohyun Lee
Modern advancements in energy technology, such as smart meters and renewable power generation, have contributed to the increasing penetration of time-variable electricity pricing plans. Under such plans, consumers experience a higher financial burden for
Lukas Berger, Raik Hesse, Michael Hegetschweiler, Antonio Attili, Konstantin Kleinheinz, Joachim Beeckmann, Gregory T. Linteris, Heinz Pitsch
Determining laminar flame speeds from spherical flame experiments is dicult for low flame speeds, when the flame shapes quickly become non-spherical due to the influence of gravity. Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of spherically expanding laminar
Raik Hesse, Roman Glaznev, Christian Schwenzer, Valeri I. Babushok, Gregory T. Linteris, Heinz Pitsch, Joachim Beeckmann
Today's hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants are designed to have a low global warming potential (GWP), resulting in fast atmospheric decomposition and increased reactivity. This causes them to be mildly flammable. The laminar flame speed SL,u ranks
Christian Schwenzer, Raik Hesse, Roman Glaznev, Valeri I. Babushok, Gregory T. Linteris, Heinz Pitsch, Joachim Beeckmann
The measurement of laminar flame speed is an essential factor in determining the reactivity, exothermicity, and diffusivity of a combustible mixture. In this study, the Schlieren method and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) were utilized simultaneously to
The use of Modelica for simulating the dynamic behaviors of building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems has gained popularity. Calibration of a Modelica model that represents large and complex HVAC systems involves the determination
Xiaoxian Yang, Xiong Xiao, Monika Thol, Marcus Richter, Ian Bell
In our previous work (J. Chem. Eng. Data 2021, 66, 3, 1385–1398), a residual entropy scaling (RES) approach was developed to link viscosity to residual entropy using a simple polynomial equation for refrigerants. The present study extends the RES approach
Harrison M. Skye, Piotr A. Domanski, Mark O. McLinden, Valeri I. Babushok, Ian Bell, Tara Fortin, Michael Hegetschweiler, Marcia L. Huber, Mark A. Kedzierski, Dennis Kim, Lingnan Lin, Gregory T. Linteris, Stephanie L. Outcalt, Vance (Wm.) Payne, Richard A. Perkins, Aaron Rowane
Non-flammable, lower global-warming-potential (GWP) refrigerants are needed to replace HFC-134a (GWP=1300) in military equipment. We previously used thermodynamic cycle simulations to screen 100 000+ refrigerant blends and identified 23 candidate
Zhelun Chen, Yicheng Li, Jin Wen, Liang Chung Lo, Gabriel Grajewski, Zheng O'Neill, Amanda Pertzborn, Vance (Wm.) Payne, Steven T. Bushby
As one of the primary users of the electric grid, buildings and building equipment, including heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, can be leveraged to provide the flexible demand needed to balance the grid. Typical strategies to
This tutorial is a guide on how to implement the NIST infiltration correlations (Ng et al., 2021) into EnergyPlus building energy simulation software for the US Department of Energy prototype commercial buildings. The implementation can also be generalized