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Energy

Alternative energy

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Displaying 76 - 100 of 379

Measuring Deadtime and Double-Counts in a Non-Paralyzable Scintillating Neutron Detector using Arrival Time Statistics

June 11, 2021
Author(s)
Kevin N. Pritchard, Jean Philippe Chabot, Peter Tsai, R. Roubucci, F. S. Choa, A. Osovizky, Jeffrey B. Ziegler, Louis E. Binkley, Nancy Hadad, M. Jackson, C. Hurlbut, George M. Baltic, Charles Majkrzak, Nicholas C. Maliszewskyj
A 6LiF:ZnS(Ag) based cold neutron detector with wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers and SiPM photodetector was developed at the NIST Center for Neutron Research for the CANDoR instrument (Chromatic Analysis Neutron Diffractometer or Reflectometer). The

Thermochemical behavior of Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algae: Comparison of laser-driven calorimetry with thermogravimetric analysis

May 12, 2021
Author(s)
Cary Presser, Ofra Paz Tal, Tsion Ohaion-Raz, Ana Lerner, Avihai Danon, Barak Dabush, Hadar Dubkin, Ashot Nazarian
A major focus of algal biofuel research is on maximizing the formation of the energy-containing compounds (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, and lipids) during algal growth. Measurements were carried out to investigate the thermochemical

Residential net-zero energy buildings: Review and perspective

May 1, 2021
Author(s)
Wei Wu, Harrison Skye
Advancements in residential net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs) could significantly reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. NZEB design considerations broadly categorize into energy infrastructure connections, renewable energy sources, and energy

Accurate measurement of the through-plane water content of proton-exchange membranes using neutron radiography

April 21, 2021
Author(s)
Daniel S. Hussey, David L. Jacobson, Dusan Spernjak, Adam Weber, Rangachary Mukundan, Joseph Fairweather, Eric Brosha, John Davey, Jacob Spendelow, Rodney Borup
The water sorption of proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) was measured in situ using high-resolution neutron imaging in small-scale fuel-cell test sections. A detailed characterization of the measurement uncertainties and corrections associated with the

Cold Neutron Radiation Does Effects on a 6 LiF:ZnS(Ag) Neutron Detector with Wavelenght Shifting Fibers and SiPM Photodectector

April 21, 2021
Author(s)
Kevin NMN Pritchard, Daniel S. Hussey, A. Osovizky, Jeffrey B Ziegler, Louis Edward Binkley, Peter Tsai, Nancy Hadad, M. Jackson, C. Hurlbut, George M Baltic, Charles Majkrzak, Nicholas C. Maliszewskyj
A 6LiF:ZnS(Ag) based cold neutron detector with wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers and SiPM photodetector was developed at the NIST Center for Neutron Research for the CANDoR instrument (Chromatic Analysis Neutron Diffractometer or Reflectometer). To predict

Effects of Cathode Corrosion on Through-Plane Water Transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

April 21, 2021
Author(s)
Daniel S. Hussey, Joseph Fairweather, Dusan Spernjak, Adam Weber, David Harvey, Silvia Wessell, David L. Jacobson, Kateryna Artyushkova, Rangachary Mukundan, Rodney Borup
The corrosion of carbon in the electrode supports of proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells leads to electrode collapse, reduced active catalyst area, and increased surface hydrophilicity. While these effects have been linked to performance degradation over

Thick Sintered Electrode Lithium-Ion Battery Discharge Simulations: Incorporating Lithiation-Dependent Electronic Conductivity and Lithiation Gradient due to Charge Cycle

April 21, 2021
Author(s)
Daniel S. Hussey, Jacob LaManna, David L. Jacobson, Gary Koenig
In efforts to increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, researchers have attempted to both increase the thickness of battery electrodes and increase the relative fractions of active material. One system that has both of these attributes are

Electrolyte Layer Gas Triggers Cathode Potential Instability in CO2 Electrolyzers

February 1, 2021
Author(s)
Kevin Krause, Jason K. Lee, ChungHyuk Lee, Hisan W. Shafaque, Pascal J. Kim, Kieran F. Fahy, Pranay Shrestha, Jacob LaManna, Elias Baltic, David Jacobson, Daniel Hussey, Aimy Bazylak
Electrolytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction is becoming increasingly promising for managing anthropogenic CO2 emissions; however, issues related to unstable performance and ineffective gas management are still not fully accounted for in the field. Here, we

The interactive effect of heat and mass transport on water condensation in the gas diffusion layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

December 31, 2020
Author(s)
Po-Ya A. Chuang, Md A. Rahman, Felipe Mojica, Daniel S. Hussey, David L. Jacobson, Jacob LaManna
Despite recent advancement in fuel cell technology, significant challenges remain in achieving high power density operation to meet the stringent targets of performance, durability and cost. This is due to the lack of fundamental understanding in

Heat Transfer Analysis Study for the Design of the New Polychromatic Beam Neutron Reflectometer CANDOR (Chromatic Analysis Neutron Diffractometer Or Reflectometer)

December 16, 2020
Author(s)
Lior Uzan, Juscelino Leao, Christoph W. Brocker, Daniel A. Mattes, Tanya J. Dax
A newly developed polychromatic beam neutron reflectometer CANDOR (Chromatic Analysis Neutron Diffractometer Or Reflectometer) on NG-1 at the NIST Center for Neutron research (NCNR) utilizes a wavelength-sensitive neutron detector consisting of 324

Spatially graded porous transport layers for gas evolving electrochemical energy conversion: High performance polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers

December 15, 2020
Author(s)
Jason K. Lee, ChungHyuk Lee, Kieran F. Fahy, Pascal J. Kim, Jacob LaManna, Eli Baltic, Daniel S. Hussey, David L. Jacobson, A Gago, S Kolb, K Friedrich, Aimy Bazylak
Decarbonizing society's energy infrastructure is foundational for a sustainable future and can be realized by harnessing renewable energy for clean hydrogen and on-demand power with fuel cells. Here, we elucidate how graded porous transport layers (PTLs)

Unraveling the compositional heterogeneity and carrier dynamics of alkali cation doped 3D/2D perovskites with improved stability

December 11, 2020
Author(s)
Ming Chun Tang, Siyuan Zhang, Nhan V. Nguyen, Edwin J. Heilweil, Christina A. Hacker, Timothy J. Magnanelli, Thomas D. Anthopoulos
Preventing the degradation of hybrid perovskite by humid air remains a challenge for their future commercial utilization. 3D/2D perovskites with hierarchical architecture have attracted significant attention due to their promising power conversion

Boosting Membrane Hydration for High Current Densities in Membrane Electrode Assembly CO2 Electrolysis

November 25, 2020
Author(s)
Hisan W. Shafaque, ChungHyuk Lee, Kieran F. Fahy, Jason K. Lee, Jacob LaManna, Eli Baltic, Daniel S. Hussey, David L. Jacobson, Aimy Bazylak
Despite the advantages of CO2 electrolyzers, efficiency losses due to mass and ionic transport across the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are critical bottlenecks for commercial-scale implementation. In this study, more efficient electrolysis of CO2 was

The joint automated repository for various integrated simulations (JARVIS) for data-driven materials design

November 12, 2020
Author(s)
Kamal Choudhary, Kevin Garrity, Andrew C. Reid, Brian DeCost, Adam Biacchi, Angela R. Hight Walker, Zachary Trautt, Jason Hattrick-Simpers, Aaron Kusne, Andrea Centrone, Albert Davydov, Francesca Tavazza, Jie Jiang, Ruth Pachter, Gowoon Cheon, Evan Reed, Ankit Agrawal, Xiaofeng Qian, Vinit Sharma, Houlong Zhuang, Sergei Kalinin, Ghanshyam Pilania, Pinar Acar, Subhasish Mandal, David Vanderbilt, Karin Rabe
The Joint Automated Repository for Various Integrated Simulations (JARVIS) is an integrated infrastructure to accelerate materials discovery and design using density functional theory (DFT), classical force-fields (FF), and machine learning (ML) techniques

The National Bureau of Standards Reactor at the NIST Center for Neutron Research

October 5, 2020
Author(s)
Thomas Newton, Daniel J. Flynn, Robert Williams
The National Bureau of Standards Reactor at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) is a 20 MW reactor using 93% enriched UO 2 plate-type fuel with D 2O coolant, moderator, and reflector, and is used for a variety of neutron science applications. 23 of

Kinetics of Isopropanol Decomposition and Reaction with H atoms from Shock Tube Experiments and Rate Constant Optimization using the Method of Uncertainty Minimization using Polynomial Chaos Expansions (MUM-PCE)

September 28, 2020
Author(s)
Laura A. Mertens, Jeffrey A. Manion
Recent interest in isopropanol (2-propanol, C3H¬7OH) combustion stems from its potential as a renewable biofuel. Here, we report shock tube investigations of isopropanol decomposition and reaction with H atoms at (918 to 1212) K and (158 to 484) kPa

NIST NeXT: a system for truly simultaneous neutron and X-ray tomography

September 14, 2020
Author(s)
Jacob LaManna, Daniel S. Hussey, Victoria H. DiStefano, Eli Baltic, David L. Jacobson
Neutrons and X-rays provide excellent complementary, nondestructive probes to understand internal structure of systems across engineering and material science. With its sensitivity to hydrogen, neutrons excel at separating fluids, such as water or oil

Accelerating Bubble Detachment in Porous Transport Layers with Patterned Through-Pores

September 9, 2020
Author(s)
Jason K. Lee, ChungHyuk Lee, Kieran F. Fahy, Pascal J. Kim, Kevin Krause, Jacob LaManna, Eli Baltic, Daniel S. Hussey, David L. Jacobson, Aimy Bazylak
Mass transport losses ultimately suppress gas evolving electrochemical energy conversion technologies, such as fuel cells and carbon dioxide electrolyzers, from reaching the high current densities needed to realize commercial success. In this work, we
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