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Energy

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Displaying 501 - 525 of 571

Environmental impact of manufactured products: A measure inspired by nature

July 10, 2009
Author(s)
Prabir Sarkar, Sudarsan Rachuri, Hyo Won Suh, Kevin W. Lyons, Ram D. Sriram
Environmental impacts of products are generally determined by using criteria or indicators. There are many criteria or indicators available and during design selecting some of them and assigning weight is difficult. As natural systems are considered to be

Test Results of the First US ITER TF Conductor in SULTAN

June 22, 2009
Author(s)
Nicolai N. Martovetsky, Daniel R. Hatfield, John R. Miller, Chen-yu Gung, Joel S. Schultz, Najib Cheggour, Loren F. Goodrich, Pierluigi Bruzzone, Boris Stepanov, Rainer Wesche, Bernd Seeber
The US Domestic Agency is one of six parties supplying TF cable-in-conduit conductors (CICCs) for ITER. Previous tests have shown that measured performance of the TF CICCs can be much lower than expected from the strand properties at the projected uniaxial

A Measure of Product Sustainability Based on Triple Bottom Line

June 15, 2009
Author(s)
Prabir Sarkar, Sudarsan Rachuri, Hyo Won Suh, Kevin W. Lyons, Ram D. Sriram
Sustainable societies require the use of sustainable products. Sustainability is generally expressed in terms of Triple Bottom Line (TBL) - people, planet, and profit. Products that are sustainable have positive effects and value for all the stakeholders

Thermoelectric and Structural Characterization of Ba2Ho(Cu3-xCox)O6+y

June 13, 2009
Author(s)
Winnie K. Wong-Ng, Z Yang, Y F. Hu, Qingzhen Huang, Nathan Lowhorn, Makoto Otani, James A. Kaduk, Martin L. Green, Q Li
The search for thermoelectric materials for power generation and for solid-state cooling have led to the increased interest of layered cobalt-containing oxides because of their thermal stability at high temperature and their desirable thermoelectric

A High-throughput Screening System for Thermoelectric Material Exploration Based on Combinatorial Film Approach

May 7, 2009
Author(s)
Makoto Otani, Evan L. Thomas, Winnie Wong-Ng, Peter K. Schenck, Nathan Lowhorn, Martin L. Green, Hiroyuki Ohguchi
A high-throughput system that consists of a combinatorial tool (a sputtering deposition tool and a pulsed laser deposition tool) and two property screening devices, developed at NIST, was used for thermoelectric material exploration. The thermoelectric

Thermopower of Co-doped FeSe0.82

April 1, 2009
Author(s)
Evan L. Thomas, Winnie K. Wong-Ng, Daniel P. Phelan
The effect of cobalt doping (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.50) on the thermopower of the newly discovered superconductor FeSe0.82 is investigated through electrical and thermal transport measurements. Our results point to the destruction of superconductivity at very low Co

A Comparison of Predicted to Measured Photovoltaic Module Performance

March 1, 2009
Author(s)
Arthur H. Fanney, Brian P. Dougherty, Mark W. Davis
Computer simulation models to accurately predict the electrical performance of photovoltaic modules are essential. Without such models, potential purchasers of photovoltaic systems have insufficient information to judge the relative merits and cost

Statistical analysis of a round-robin measurement survey of two candidate materials for a Seebeck coefficient Standard Reference Material

February 2, 2009
Author(s)
John Lu, Nathan Lowhorn, Winnie Wong-Ng, Weiping Zhang, Evan L. Thomas, Makoto Otani, Martin L. Green, Thanh N. Tran, Chris Caylor, Neil Dilley, Adams Downey, B Edwards, Norbert Elsner, S Ghamaty, Timothy Hogan, Qing Jie, Qiang Li, Joshua B. Martin, George S. Nolas, H Obara, Jeffrey Sharp, Rama Venkatasubramanian, Rhonda Willigan, Jihui Yang, Terry Tritt
In an effort to develop a Standard Reference Material (SRM ) for Seebeck coefficient, we have conducted a round-robin measurement survey of two candidate materials undoped Bi2Te3 and constantan (55% Cu and 45% Ni alloy). Measurements were performed in two

Advancing Automated Demand Response Technology

January 28, 2009
Author(s)
Steven T. Bushby, David G. Holmberg
For several years electric utilities have implemented a wide variety of programs to curtail load in times of stress on the electricity distribution grid or on generating capacity. Although these programs have shared a common goal of reducing peak

Synthesis and Transport Properties of Framework-Substituted Cs 8 Na 16 Cu 5 Ge 131

January 13, 2009
Author(s)
Matthew Beekman, James A. Kaduk, J Gryko, Winnie Wong-Ng, Alexander J. Shapiro, George S. Nolas
We report the synthesis and temperature dependent transport properties of a new type II germanium clathrate, Cs8Na16Cu5Ge131 (space group Fd3m; a = 15.42000(9) ) . In comparison to the parent compound Cs8Na16Ge136, Cu substitution for Ge on the clathrate

Structural and thermoelectric properties of Bi2Sr2Co2Oy thin films on LaAlO3 (100) and fused silica substrates

January 12, 2009
Author(s)
Winnie K. Wong-Ng, Mark D. Vaudin, Shufang Wang, L Venimadhav, Shengming Guo, Ke Chen, Qi Li, A Soukiassian, D.G. Schlom, X.Q. Pan, D.G. Cahill, X. X. Xi
We have grown Bi2Sr2Co2Oy thin films on LaAlO3 (100) and fused silica substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The films on LaAlO3 are c-axis oriented and partially in-plane aligned with multiple domains while the films on fused silica are preferred c-axis

Local Structure of Cu in Cs8Na16Cu5Ge131 Type II Clathrate

January 8, 2009
Author(s)
Winnie K. Wong-Ng, Azzam Mansour, Matthew Beekman, George S. Nolas
We have used X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to investigate the local structure of Cu and Ge in the Cs8Na16Cu5Ge131 type II clathrate. We show that the local structure parameters, coordination number, and distances for Ge are consistent with those

Multichannel Decomposition and Isomerization of Octyl Radicals

October 9, 2008
Author(s)
Wing Tsang, William S. McGivern, Jeffrey A. Manion
The thermal cracking patterns from the decomposition and isomerization of octyl-1 radicals have been determined from the pyrolysis of n-octyl iodide in single pulse shock tube experiments at temperatures in the 850-1000 K range and pressures near 2 bar

Natural Gas Flow Calibration Service

August 1, 2008
Author(s)
Aaron N. Johnson
This document describes NIST's high pressure natural gas flow calibration service (NGFCS). Flow calibrations are conducted offsite at the Colorado Experimental Engineering Station Incorporated (CEESI) in Garner, Iowa. A parallel array of nine turbine meter
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