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Energy

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Displaying 476 - 500 of 571

Standard Reference Data for the Thermophysical Properties of Biofuels

March 25, 2010
Author(s)
Mark O. McLinden, Thomas J. Bruno, Michael D. Frenkel, Marcia L. Huber
The thermophysical properties of biofuels are required for the efficient design of every step in their production, distribution, and utilization. We provide an overview of properties research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We

Interfacial reactions of Ba2YCu3O6+x with Coated Conductor Buffer Layer, LaMnO3

February 10, 2010
Author(s)
Winnie K. Wong-Ng, Guangyao Liu, Lawrence P. Cook, James A. Kaduk
Chemical interactions between the Ba2YCu3O6+x superconductor and the LaMnO3 buffer layers employed in coated conductors have been investigated experimentally by determining the phases formed in the Ba2YCu3O6+x - LaMnO3 system. The Ba2YCu3O6+x - LaMnO3 join

Three-Dimensionally Structured Thin Film Heterojunction Photovoltaics on Interdigitated Back-Contacts

February 1, 2010
Author(s)
Daniel Josell, Carlos R. Beauchamp, Behrang H. Hamadani, Suyong S. Jung, Jonathan E. Guyer, Abhishek Motayed, Carlos M. Hangarter, Nadine E. Gergel-Hackett, Hua Xu, Nikolai B. Zhitenev
Fabrication and properties of three-dimensionally structured back-contact heterojunction solar cells are described. A variety of devices are explored, all of which were fabricated by electrochemical deposition of a semiconducting material on one of two

NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0

January 10, 2010
Author(s)
George W. Arnold, David A. Wollman, Gerald FitzPatrick, Dean Prochaska, David Holmberg, David H. Su, Allen R. Hefner Jr., Nada T. Golmie, Tanya L. Brewer, Mark Bello, Paul A. Boynton
Under the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is assigned "primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for

Density and Speed of Sound Measurements of Hexadecane

January 7, 2010
Author(s)
Stephanie L. Outcalt, Arno R. Laesecke, Tara J. Fortin
The density and speed of sound of hexadecane have been measured using two instruments. Both instruments use the vibrating-tube method for measuring density. Ambient pressure (83 kPa) density and speed of sound measurements were carried out with a rapid

Reference X-ray Powder Diffraction Pattern of a New High-Pressure Phase, CaCo2O4

December 17, 2009
Author(s)
Winnie K. Wong-Ng, James A. Kaduk, Masaaki Isobe
Research in new cobaltites is important for waste heat recovery applications. A new calcium cobaltite phase, CaCo2O4, prepared under high pressure, has been reported recently to have a large Seebeck coefficient. This paper reports the reference x-ray

Enhanced Water Splitting Performance of Potassium-Adsorbed Titania Nanotube Arrays

December 7, 2009
Author(s)
Christiaan Richter, Cherno Jaye, Eugen Panaitescu, Daniel A. Fischer, Laura H. Lewis, Ronald J. Willey, Latika Menon
It is demonstrated that vertically-aligned titania nanotube planar arrays fabricated by electrochemical anodization using standard potassium-containing electrolytes invariably contain a significant amount of surface-adsorbed potassium ions that enhance the

Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (CSTL) 2009 Annual Report

November 17, 2009
Author(s)
Willie E. May, Richard R. Cavanagh, Dianne L. Poster, Michael D. Amos
CSTL is entrusted with building, sustaining, and maximizing the chemical measurement system that is criticial to chemical technological innovation, economic competitiveness and new job growth for the benefit of the Nation.

A Statistic That Identifies Errant Standard Preparation and Instrument Non-linearity Demonstrated With Mercury Standards Prepared by Blending NIST Fossil Fuel CRMs of Similar Matrices

November 16, 2009
Author(s)
Bruce S. MacDonald, John L. Molloy, Stefan D. Leigh, William R. Kelly, Andrew L. Rukhin
Interval-repeatability (Ir) is a statistic that users of certified reference materials (CRMs) may employ as a quality control check to identify incorrectly prepared working standards or nonlinear instrument response over a targeted concentration interval

Effect of RP-1 Compositional Variability on Thermophysical Properties

October 6, 2009
Author(s)
Marcia L. Huber, Eric W. Lemmon, Thomas J. Bruno
We compare experimental and predicted thermophysical properties of two samples of rocket propellant RP-1 obtained from different batches of RP-1 that exhibit compositional variations. One sample is atypical, due to a high olefin content. The effect of the

Soft X-ray Characterization Technique for Li Batteries under Operating Conditions

September 1, 2009
Author(s)
Daniel A. Fischer, Cole Petersburg, Robert Daniel, Cherno Jaye, Faisal Alamgir
O K edge and Co L edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) was used to examine the cathode of an intact solid-state lithium ion battery. The novel technique allowed for the simultaneous acquisition of partial electron yield and fluorescence

Spectroradiometric Characterization of the NIST Pulsed Solar Simulator

August 20, 2009
Author(s)
Howard W. Yoon, Brian P. Dougherty, Vladimir Khromchenko
The spectroradiometric characterization of the NIST indoor pulsed solar simulator is described. The solar simulator has a flash duration of 36.4 ms and is designed for solar panels having a maximum size of 2.0 m by 1.6 m. As per industry standards, the

Development of a Seebeck Coefficient Standard Reference Material

August 7, 2009
Author(s)
Nathan Lowhorn, Winnie Wong-Ng, John Lu, Evan L. Thomas, Makoto Otani, Martin L. Green, Neil Dilley, Jeffrey Sharp, Thanh N. Tran
We have successfully developed a Seebeck coefficient Standard Reference Material (SRM ), Bi2Te3, that is crucial for interlaboratory data comparison and for instrument calibration. Certification measurements were performed using two different techniques on
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