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This work rigorously treats thermal electromagnetic noise in lossy waveguides and develops explicit modal equivalent circuit representations for the noise generated by arbitrary passive networks embedded in them. The results show that the formulations in
Dylan F. Williams, J. M. Belquin, G. Dambrine, R. Fenton
We investigate millimeter wave on-wafer calibration and measurement in coplanar waveguide and demonstrate the applicability of the multiline thru-reflect-line calibration and good measurement repeatability between laboratories. We also investigate
We apply a previously developed Line-Reflect-Match (LRM) calibration that compensates for the nonideal electrical behavior of the match standard to microstrip transmission lines and investigate impedance definitions, standard parasitics, and calibration