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Chemistry

Chemical engineering & processing

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Displaying 401 - 425 of 781

Properties for Accurate Gas Flow Measurements

October 15, 2010
Author(s)
John D. Wright
Accurate gas properties are needed to take full advantage of the low uncertainties provided by NIST’s Gas Flow Calibration Services. If a flowmeter user and NIST use different values for these properties (molecular mass, compressibility, density, viscosity

Separation and Metrology of Nanoparticles by Nanofluidic Size Exclusion

August 11, 2010
Author(s)
Samuel M. Stavis, Jon C. Geist, Michael Gaitan
A nanofluidic approach to the separation and metrology of nanoparticles is demonstrated. Advantages of this approach include nanometer-scale resolution, nanometer-scale to submicrometer-scale range, mitigation of hydrodynamic and diffusional limitations to

Using Microfluidic Channels to Determine ZThe Quantitative Permittivity of Nanoliter Fluid Volumes from 50 MHz TO 40 GHz USING MICROFLUIDIC CHANNELS TO DETERMINE THE QUANTITATIVE PERMITTIVITY OF NANOLITER FLUID VOLUMES FROM 50 MHZ TO 40 GHZ

July 30, 2010
Author(s)
James C. Booth, Nathan D. Orloff, Xiaoli Lu, Yu Y. Wang, Eduard Rocas, Jordi Mateu, Juan C. Collado Gomez, Michael D. Janezic
We describe the development of coplanar waveguide measurement structures integrated with microfluidic channels in order to rapidly determine the broadband dielectric properties of nanoliter volumes of fluids, fluid mixtures, and colloids over the range of

Standard Photoacoustic Spectrometer: Model and Validation using O2 A-Band Spectra

June 30, 2010
Author(s)
Keith A. Gillis, Daniel K. Havey, Joseph T. Hodges
We model and measure the absolute response of an intensity-modulated photoacoustic spectrometer comprising a 10 cm long resonator and having a Q-factor of approximately 30. We present a detailed theoretical analysis of the system and predict its response

Compact and Distributed Modeling of Cryogenic Bulk MOSFET Operation

June 1, 2010
Author(s)
Akin Akturk, M. Holloway, S. Potbhare, David J. Gundlach, B Li, Neil Goldsman, M Peckerar, Kin P. Cheung
We have developed compact and physics-based distributed numerical models for cryogenic bulkMOSFET operation down to 20 K to advance simulation and first-pass design of device and circuit operation at low temperatures. To achieve this, we measured and

Feasibility of an Accurate Dynamic Standard for Water Flow

June 1, 2010
Author(s)
Iosif I. Shinder, Michael R. Moldover
We used NIST's primary water flow standard to study the feasibility of accurately determining mass flow rates m dot of water "dynamically," that is from the time derivative of the weight W of the collection tank: m dot,dynamic = (dW/dt)/g. When data for a

Mixed Refrigerants for a Glass Capillary Micro Cryogenic Cooler

April 24, 2010
Author(s)
Mu Hong Lin, Peter E. Bradley, Marcia L. Huber, Ryan J. Lewis, Ray Radebaugh, Yung-Cheng Lee
Optimized mixed refrigerants are applied in Joule-Thomson (JT) micro cryogenic coolers (MCC) to enhance efficiency. Mixed refrigerants deliver equivalent refrigeration power with much lower pressure ratio and flow rate compared to pure nitrogen refrigerant
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