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Chemistry

Chemical engineering & processing

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Displaying 376 - 400 of 781

Micro Cryogenic Coolers for IR Imaging

April 29, 2011
Author(s)
Ryan J. Lewis, Yunda Wang, Jill Cooper, Mu Hong Lin, Victor M. Bright, Yung-Cheng Lee, Peter E. Bradley, Ray Radebaugh, Marcia L. Huber
Joule-Thomson micro cryogenic coolers (MCCs) are a preferred approach for small and low power cryocoolers. With the same heat lift, MCC's power input can be only 1/10 of a thermoelectric cooler's input, and MCC's size can be only 1/10 of a Stirling cooler

Present Estimates of the Differences Between Thermodynamic Temperatures and the ITS-90

January 29, 2011
Author(s)
Joachim Fischer, M. DePodesta, K. D. Hill, Michael R. Moldover, Laurent Pitre, R. Rusby, Peter Steur, Osamu Tamura, R. White, L. Wolber
In 2005, the Consultative Committee for Thermometry (CCT) recommended the creation of a Mise en pratique for the definition of the kelvin and envisioned that future versions of the Mise en pratique would recommend values of the differences between

Microfluidics Measurements of Interfacial Rheology

January 18, 2011
Author(s)
Jeffrey D. Martin, Joie N. Marhefka, Kalman D. Migler, Steven D. Hudson
The bulk properties and structural characteristics of emulsions arise substantially from their interfacial rheology, which depends strongly on surfactant mass transfer and its coupling to flow. Typical methods used to measure such properties often employ

Model for Transient Behavior of Pulse Tube Cryocooler

January 1, 2011
Author(s)
Gershon Grossman, Peter E. Bradley, Michael A. Lewis, Ray Radebaugh
This article describes an investigation of the transient behavior of a small (2.0 W at 85 K) Pulse Tube cryocooler operating at 120 Hz with an average pressure of 3.5 MPa, capable of relatively fast cool-down to about 60 K. In a series of experiments, the

Microstructure and hydrogen bonding in water-acetonitrile mixtures

November 19, 2010
Author(s)
Raymond D. Mountain
The connection between hydrogen bonding between water and acetonitrile in determining the microheterogeneity of the liquid mixture is examined using NPT molecular dynamics simulations. Mixtures for six, rigid, three-site models for acetonitrile and one

The Roles of the Mise en Pratique for the Definition of the Kelvin

October 16, 2010
Author(s)
Dean C. Ripple, Richard Davis, Bernd Fellmuth, Joachim Fischer, Graham Machin, Terry Quinn, Peter Steur, Osamu Tamura, David R. White
The mise en pratique (“practical realization”) for the definition of the kelvin (MeP-K) was created by the Consultative Committee for Thermometry (CCT) in 2006 to give practitioners of thermometry a guide to the realization of the kelvin, in accord with

Bilateral Comparison Confirms NIMs and NISTs Gas Flow Capabilities

October 15, 2010
Author(s)
Aaron N. Johnson, CHUNHUI LI
The bilateral comparison between NIM and NIST for gas flow was conducted from June 2008 to October 2009. Two critical flow venturis (CFVs) with nominal throat diameters of 10 mm and 20 mm, respectively, were selected as transfer standards. The CFVs were

Properties for Accurate Gas Flow Measurements

October 15, 2010
Author(s)
John D. Wright
Accurate gas properties are needed to take full advantage of the low uncertainties provided by NIST’s Gas Flow Calibration Services. If a flowmeter user and NIST use different values for these properties (molecular mass, compressibility, density, viscosity
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