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Buildings & Construction

Building control systems

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Displaying 51 - 75 of 176

Premixed flame inhibition by CF3Br and C3H2F3Br (2-BTP)

June 1, 2016
Author(s)
John Pagliaro, Gregory T. Linteris, Nicolas Bouvet
The un-stretched burning velocities and Markstein lengths of premixed CH4- and C3H8-air flames with added C3H2F3Br (2-BTP) or CF3Br (Halon 1301), have been studied experimentally and numerically. The predicted un-stretched burning velocities, using a

Burning Velocities of Marginally Flammable Refrigerant-Air Mixtures

April 21, 2016
Author(s)
John Pagliaro, Gregory T. Linteris
Refrigerant working fluids have been predicted to be large contributors to the increase in radiative forcing of the earth. Consequently, existing compounds will soon be phased out. Low-GWP replacements exist, but they tend to be mildly flammable, and there

Transition to Low-GWP Refrigerants: Options and Tradeoffs

April 6, 2016
Author(s)
Piotr A. Domanski
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are commonly used as refrigerants in air-conditioning equipment, are potent greenhouse gases and will need to be replaced. In search of suitable replacements, a recent study performed a comprehensive screening of a database

Effect of Common Faults on the Performance of Different Vapor Compression Systems

December 31, 2015
Author(s)
Zhimin Du, Piotr A. Domanski, William V. Payne
The effect of faults on cooling capacity, COP, sensible heat ratio, and superheat/subcooling temperatures in five split and rooftop systems, which use different types of expansion devices, compressors and refrigerants, are separately compared and analyzed

An Industrial Control System Cybersecurity Performance Testbed

December 10, 2015
Author(s)
Richard Candell, Timothy A. Zimmerman, Keith A. Stouffer
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing a cybersecurity performance testbed for industrial control systems. The goal of the testbed is to measure the performance of industrial control systems (ICS) when instrumented with

Heat pump concepts for nZEB Technology developments, design tools and testing of heat pump systems for nZEB in the USA, Country report IEA HPT Annex 40 Task 2, Task 3 and Task 4 of the USA

December 8, 2015
Author(s)
William V. Payne, Arthur H. Fanney, William M. Healy, Joshua D. Kneifel, Tania Ullah, Farhad Omar, Steven T. Bushby, Brian P. Dougherty, Dustin G. Poppendieck, Lisa C. Ng
The IEA HPT Annex 40 "Heat pump concepts for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings" deals with the application of heat pumps as a core component of the HVAC system for Nearly or Net Zero energy buildings (NZEB). This report covers Task 2 on the system comparison

Impact of Electricity Tariff Parameters on Net Zero Home Cost of Energy

September 29, 2015
Author(s)
Andrew P. Kuo, David Holmberg, Steven T. Bushby
Time-varying electricity rates impact the costs of operation and the value of renewable generation and storage resources. This study investigates the economic impact of electricity tariff parameters on the value of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in the

Hitting the bounds of chemistry: Limits and tradeoffs for low-GWP refrigerants.

August 19, 2015
Author(s)
Mark O. McLinden, J. Steven Brown, Andrei F. Kazakov, Piotr A. Domanski
We explore the possibilities for low-GWP refrigerants through two approaches. First, we explore the performance of hypothetical refrigerants to define the limits of what is allowed by thermodynamics. In the second approach, we apply property estimation

EFFECT OF INSTALLATION FAULTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A SPLIT AIR CONDITIONER

August 18, 2015
Author(s)
Piotr A. Domanski, Hugh Henderson, William V. Payne
The study analyzed the effect of common installation faults on the cooling performance of a residential, split air conditioner installed in a single-family, slab-on-grade house. We considered five climatic regions in the United States from hot/humid to

Standardization of Smart Grid Customer Interfaces

July 1, 2015
Author(s)
Steven T. Bushby, David G. Holmberg
One of the key concepts of a modernized “smart grid” is to combine modern communication technology with an improved electric grid to enable energy consumers to exchange information with energy suppliers in order to collaboratively manage electricity supply

Design Challenges of the NIST Net Zero Energy Residential Test Facility

March 26, 2015
Author(s)
Betsy Pettit, Cathy Gates, Arthur H. Fanney, William M. Healy
Homeowners and builders have increasingly strived to build low energy use and environmentally friendly homes. As materials and equipment have improved, energy reduction as a goal has increasingly been replaced with the goal of net-zero energy use. But the

Effect of Installation Faults on Air-to-Air Heat Pump Performance

January 20, 2015
Author(s)
Piotr A. Domanski
Numerous studies and surveys indicate that typically-installed HVAC equipment operate inefficiently and waste considerable energy due to different installation errors (faults) such as improper refrigerant charge, incorrect airflow, oversized equipment

Monitoring Techniques for the Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility

December 31, 2014
Author(s)
Mark W. Davis, William M. Healy, Matthew Boyd, Lisa Ng, William V. Payne, Harrison Skye, Tania Ullah
NIST has constructed a Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility that will be used as a testbed for investigating the measurement science related to systems, components, and operations that will lead to homes that generate as much energy over a course of a

Sensitivity Analysis of Installation Faults on Heat Pump Performance

October 8, 2014
Author(s)
Piotr A. Domanski, Hugh Henderson, William V. Payne
Numerous studies and surveys indicated that typically-installed HVAC equipment operates inefficiently and wastes considerable energy due to different installation errors (faults), e.g., improper refrigerant charge, incorrect airflow, oversized equipment

Roadmap for Building Commissioning Research Workshop Summary Report

September 30, 2014
Author(s)
Natascha S. Milesi-Ferretti, David Shipley, Walter Zalis, Steven T. Bushby
This report summarizes the results of the Building Commissioning Research and Measurement Science Needs Webinar Workshop held on April 29, 2014, sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This effort supports ongoing research into
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